AP Human Geography Chapter 15
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| Location of Reserves | Coal forms in tropical locations
Petroleum and natural gas formed millions of years ago under the sea
Russia contains 1/4 of all natural gas reserves
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| Consumption of Fossil Fuels | MDCs consume more energy than they produce
Causes them to have to import most of their resources (especially petroleum)
US and Europe import 1/2, Japan 90%
Competition is rising for natural resources from LDCs since they are developing
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| Control of World Petroleum | Most of the petroleum comes from South and central asia. the us used to produce a lot, but it was decided in 1950 that it was cheaper to import it than extract it.
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| OPEC | Orginization created between countries with an abundant supply of oil. in 1973, isreal was fighting in a war against egypt, syria, and jordan. since the us and many european countries supported isreal, OPEC became mad and refused to sell oil to them.
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| Changing of supply and demand | in 1970, the price of petroleam seemed to drop adjusting to inflation, and countries thought it would stay low, but it hasnt. US dependency on oil has gone down do to the skyrockiting price of oil in the 1970s, when there was war and terrorism in the ME.
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| natural gas | realeased as waste into the air from mining oil, but now is harnessed as energy for heating homes mostly.
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| coal | passed wood in importance in the late 1800s as the most important fuel. china produces the most, followed by the us. main energy source for businesses
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| nuclear energy | not necessarily a renewable resource, but is used as an alternative for fossil fuels. supplies 1/6 of the worlds energy, and europe and NA generate 1/3 of it. it can cause problems such as radioactive waste, materials for nuclear weapons, high cost,etc
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| fission | the splitting of uranium atoms in a controlled area to produce the electricity needed for nuclear plants.
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| fusion | the fuse of hydrogen atoms to form helium. it produces a large amount of energy, but is extremely hard to create bc it can only be created in temps of millions of degrees.
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| radioactive waste | a product of nuclear weapons that can be lethal and harmful to people. safety precautions are taken to prevent the leaking of the power plant
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| chernobyl | a power plant where there was a runaway reaction causing the reactor to melt down, releasing many radioactive materials in the air. 28 people died and 135,000 people had to be evicted and move somewhere else.
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| three mile island | nuclear meltdown in pennsylvania, one of the biggest nuclear power meltdowns in history
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| nuclear power plants | power plants that are securely contained and produce nuclear energy.
cannot explode like nuclear bombs can, because there is not enough uranium and they dont come together fast enough.
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| nuclear weapons | used twice in august 1945; nuclear bomb was dropped on hiroshima and nagasati. governments dont dare use nuclear weapons, because a full out nuclear war could destroy all of human civilization.
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| uranium reserves | 1/4 in austalia, 1/6 in kazakahstan
proven reserves- 124 years of uranium left at the current rate of depletion
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| breeder reactor | converts uranium into a renewable resource called plutonium- powerful energy source that is easy to make nuclear bombs with... thats why there are very few of them. none in the us
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| mineral resources | china and australia have multiple, unlike other countries with just one main resource.
oxygen and slilcon take up a large portion of the earths crust
90% of the resources humans use are nonmetallic
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| nonmetallic minerals |
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