ME Endodontics Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Endodontists require a miniumum of how many additional years of training | 3 |
| What are the causes of pulpal damage | extensive decay, trauma, chemical irritation, thermal irritation, galvanic shock |
| what factors influence whether or not a pulp survives an injury | age, extent of injury, period tooth is left untreated, method of treatment |
| symptoms described by a patient are | subjective examination, ex. chief complaint, painful stimuli, sensitivity |
| visual signs notice by dentist is | objective examination, ex. extent of decay, mobility, restorations, swelling, pulp exposure, discoloration |
| a positive response to a test indicates what | inflammation of the periodontal ligaments |
| tapping on the incisal edge or occlusal surface with the end of a mirror handle is what test | percussion test |
| applying firm pressure to mucosa above the apex of a root is what test | palpation test |
| freezed water filled cartridges or needle covers are called what | ice pencils |
| what is the procedure for a cold test | ioslate and dry control and suspect tooth, apply cold to cervical area of both |
| what is the procedure for a heat test | apply petroleum/ky jelly to tooth to prevent sticking of material, small piece of gutta percha is heated and applied to cervical area of facial surface |
| what test is used to determine if a pulp is vital or nonvital | electric pulp testing |
| what is the procedure for an electronic pulp test | isolate and dry control and suspect, use conducting material on probe (ex.toothpaste) place probe on cervical third, start at zero and increase until patient feels a sensation |
| what factors influence the reliabilitiy of a pulp tester | extensive restorations cause variations, one canal can be vital with the others are nonvital,failing pulp can cause variety of responses,control teeth may not respond as anticipated,moisture on tooth can cause inaccurate reading,batteries weaked over time |
| transillumination is most effective on what teeth | anteriors, necrotic pulp will be dark |
| a dark area on an xray is called what | radiolucency, ex. abcesses and cysts |
| an excessive amount of blood in the blood vessels of any body part is what | hyperemia |
| what causes hyperemia | injury, soft pulp in hard chamber - causes pressure |
| what temperature causes hyperemia to be more painful | heat or cold, but cold causes a more painful response more often than heat |
| a slow inflammatory response to pulpal infection with a draining fistula out to a possible pustula is what | chronic periradicular / periapical abscess |
| an imflammatory response reaction caused by bacteria entrapped in the periodontal sulcus is what | periodontal abscess |
| the material used in pulp capping to encourage formation of reparitive dentin is | calcium hydroxide |
| what pulp cap is used when a thin partition of carious dentin is intact | inderect pulp capping |
| what pulp cap is used when the pulp is slightly exposed and pulp is still vital | direct pulp cap |
| the removal of the coronal portion of an exposed vital pulp is called | pulpotomy |
| the complete removal of a nonvital pulp is called | pulpectomy |
| what file has a twisted design and is used in the initial debridement of a canal and later shaping and contouring the canal | k-type file - has a twisted design |
| define debridement | cleaning |
| what file is used for final enlargement of a canal | hedstrom file - has spiral edges (like an xmas tree) and provides greater cutting efficiency, cutting occurs on pulling stroke |
| what file is used to remove dentin and smooth & increase size of canal | reamer file - similar design to k-type, spirals are further apart |
| what is used to remove vital inflamed hemorrhagic pulp tissue from the canal | broaches - looks like barbed wire |
| what prevents perforation of the apex of a canal | rubber stops |
| sterile points of paper rolled into long narrow points are called | paper points |
| what are paper points used for | absorbing irrigating solution and drying canals |
| what is used as a supplemental technique to help identify the apex of a canal | electronic apex locator |
| use of a locator can... | reduce the number of radiographs taken to determine working length of canal |
| bleach mixed with equal parts of sterile water is | sodium hypochlorite, is antimicrobial |
| hydrogen peroxide, antimircrobial and bleaching properties | parachlorophenol, antimicrobial |
| what are the indications for surgical intervention | endodontic failure, apicoectomy, retrograde restoration, root amputation, hemisection |
| surgically removing the apical portion of a root is | apicoectomy |
| a root end filling is also called | retrograde restoration |
| removing one or more roots from a multirooted tooth without removing the crown is a | root amputation - usually on max. molars |
| when the root and crown are cut lengthwise and removed it is a | hemisection - usually on mand. molars |
| an imflammation of pulp that can be reversed is called | reversible pulpitis |
| inflammation of pulp that is incapable of healing is called | irreversible pulpitis |
| necrosis of the pulpal tissues is called | necrotic pulp - no response to heat or cold |
| a rapid imflammatory reaction to pulpal infection, resulting in pus formation and swelling at apex is | acute periradicular / periapical abscess - has pain to percussion |
| the flow of eletrical current between 2 different metals through an electrolyte (salvia) is | galvanism |
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mnerion
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