Cardio Units 3-4 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| PA film (standard) | pt is standing, xray beam from back to chest, shot back to front |
| Ap film (portable) | pt lying in bed, xray beam through anterior chest to back, shot front to back |
| Lateral film? | Pt sideways, film against R or L lateral chest wall, used to assess lower lobe lesions and cancer |
| Lateral Decubitus film description? | Pt lies w/ film against affected side, used to assess pleural effusion, check for fluid movement |
| Apical Lordotic film description? | Film against pt's upper back, xray @ 45deg angle from lower anterior chest, caudal angle, used to assess middle & upper lobe lesions |
| What are the 4 radiographic densities? | Air, Fluid, Fat, Bone |
| What is Radiolucent? | black areas on xray, low density, air (pneumothorax, bullae, pneumatoceles, parenchyma) |
| What is Radiopaque? | White or grey areas on xray, high density, fluid, fat, bone |
| Fluid is? | light gray on xray, blood vessels, fissure fluid, pleural fluid(white) |
| Fat and bone are? | white on xray, heart, breast, adipose, ribs |
| What could a tracheal shift indicate? | pneumothorax |
| The trachea shifts towards problems within the lungs and? | away from problems outs of the lungs |
| What to look for in the Hilar region? | PA engorgement = Cor Pulmonale, Adenopathy = Lymph Node changes |
| Cardiac silhouette description | Heart ratio should be< 50% size of chest area, Right diaphragm 2cm higher than Left, C/P Angles (Sulcus) will be lost with pleural effusion |
| Clavicle position used for: | Pt positioning, the vertebrae should be between the medial ends of the clavicles |
| Posterior and anterior ribs are used too? | asses lung volume |
| An over exposed film? | lungs fields black without vascularity, vertebrae easily seen through cardiac shadow |
| An under exposed film? | lungs fields white |
| At end-inspiration the diaphragm is: | Between the 9th - 11th posterior ribs, between the 4th - 6th anterior ribs, |
| Lower lung volume shows: | Whiter lung fields, larger heart shadow |
| Atelectasis xray description | Lobar, tracheal shift toward affected area, hemidiaphragm elevation, narrowed posterior rib spaces, volume loss |
| Pneumothorax xray description | Black hemithorax, lung mass toward Hilum, tracheal shift away from affected area |
| If there is white where there should be black on an xray, this is called? | consolidation |
| Hyperinflation (copd) xray? | Narrow tear/pear shaped heart, prominent PAs, low & flat diaphragms, wide posterior rib spaces, horizontal posterior ribs, radiolucent lung fields, small or narrow heart shadow |
| A miliary pattern in the apicies? | Tuberculosis |
| Interstitial Disease xray description | "Cobbwebs", Honeycombing, miliary pattern, diffuse nodules 2-4cm diameter |
| A ground glass appearance? | ARDS |
| Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (CHF) xray desription? | Increased heart ratio > 50%, Kerly B lines - prominent in R lung base, lymph vessels full of fluid. Blunted C/P Angles - notably on R side, dense fluffy lung field opacities that project out from the Hilar areas that look like a 'batwing' or 'butterfly' |
| Consolidation xray description | Aleolar opacification (white areas), patent air-filled bronchi contrasted against opaque lung tissue |
| What is peribronchial cuffing? | thick bronchial wall from sputum |
| Blunting of the costophrenic angles and a menicus sign are noted with? | pleural effusion |
| An ECG is measuring electrical impluses within the heart, and echo measures? | the mechanics. can have good ECG with bad mechanics |
| What axis is the time interval on? | horizontal, voltage(amplitude) is vertical |
| ECG paper runs at? | 25mm/sec or s5 small squares |
| Small square is? | 0.04 sec |
| Large square is? | 0.20 sec |
| 1 milivolt is equal to? | 10 small squares ir 2 large squares |
| To determine a pulse rate from at ECG? | Divide 300 by the number are large squares between two r segments |
| What is the line on the ECG that determines there is no electrical activity called? | the isoelectric line |
| What is a stemi? | an elevated or depressed ST segment. ST elevated MI, not getting enough O2 to the heart causing ischemia |
| What is a bipolar lead? | two opposite polarity leade (+ and -) |
| What is a unipolar lead? | a positive lead on a limb |
| The hearts natural electrical signal always travels? | down and to the left, if the signal is heading towards a lead it will chart above the isoelectric line. if traveling away, it will be below. |
| What is Positive Deflection? | An upward spike, current flow is toward the + electrode |
| What is Negative Deflection? | A downward spike, current flow is away from the + electrode |
| What is lead axis? | the average direction of current flow in the heart |
| Mean cardiac vector? | Relates both current direction & intensity/magnitude, where current flow is most intense - current flow follows tissue mass ( shift to stronger part of the heart) |
| Bipolar Lead I | - R arm, + L arm, aka as Limb Leads |
| Bipolar Lead II | - R arm, + L leg |
| QRS is prominent when | Current flow parallels normal depolarization |
| Bipolar Leads III | L arm, + L leg |
| Unipolar Leads are also known as | Augmented Leads, must be amplified |
| Unipolar aVr located | + R arm |
| Unipolar aVl located | + L arm |
| Unipolar aVf located | + L foot |
| Precordial Leads V1 & V2 - | Located at 4th intercostal space next to sternum, view the R ventricle |
| Precordial Leads V3 V6 - | Located at 5th intercostal space just medial of midclavicular line to midaxillary line |
| Precordial Leads - | View the heart in a horizontal plane, known as the Chest Leads |
| Precordial Leads V3 & V4 view | - The interventricular septum |
| Precordial Leads V5 & V6 view - | The left ventricle |
| What Leads locate the mean cardiac vector? | Lead I & aVf |
| What are the 3 Bipolar Leads called? | I, II, III |
| What are the 3 Unipolar Leads called? | aVr, aVl, aVf (a = augmented due to amplication, v = voltage, r = right arm, l = left arm, f = left foot (leg)) |
| What are the 6 Chest or Precordial Leads called? | V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, & V6 |
| The normal ECG has how many leads where? | Six limb leads examining the heart in the vertical plane and six chest leads examining the heart in the horizontal plane |
| Normal duration of the P-R interval | 0.12 - 0.20 secs or 3 - 5 small blocks/1 large square, >.20 secs = 1deg heart block |
| Normal duration of the QRS complex | 0.06 - 0.10 secs or 1.5 - 2.5 small blocks, >0.12secs = bundle branch block |
| Normal duration of the Q-T interval | 0.36 - 0.44 sec or 9 - 11 small blocks |
| Axis Deviation occurs | When the MCV shifts out of the normal quadrant |
| Axis Deviation is due to | Muscle mass changes (hypertrophy), polarity shift (bundle branch block), tissue dies (infarction), position changes (obesity) |
| Right axis deviation causes | Cor Pulmonale, L ventricular Infarction, Acute pulmonary embolism |
| Left axis deviation causes | R ventricular infarction, L ventricular hypertrophy, obesity |
| What is the Isoelectric Baseline? | Flat line just before the P wave or right after the T wave, used as a zero voltage reference point |
| What is an ECG segment? | Time line between two waves |
| What is an ECG interval? | A wave plus the time to the next wave |
| Normal S-T interval | End of the QRS complex, isoelectric = no electric activity |
| Elevated or Depressed S-T segment | MI, L bundle branch block, pericarditis |
| Sinus Tachycardia | P wave present, RR interval regular, rate > 100/min, will look normal but condensed |
| Sinus Tachycardia causes | Hypoxemia, Xanthines (caffeine), Beta 1 adrenergics |
| Ventricular Tachycardia | No P waves, wide/bizarre QRS complexes >0.12 secs, RR interval is regular, rate 150-250/min |
| Ventricular Tachycardia tx | Lidocaine, synchronized cardioversion, untreated goes to V-Fib |
| Ventricular Fibrillation | Ventricles showing minimal activity - QRS wave rarely over 1 mV, looks like crazy squiggly lines |
| Ventricular Fibrillation tx | Defibrillation (shock) |
| Atrial Flutter | "Sawtooth" P waves, normal QRS complexes, atrial rate 200-300/min, normal ventricular rate, normal RR interval, common w/ pulmonary disease |
| Atrial Fibrillation | No true P waves, atrial rate 350-600/min, ventricular rate normal to > 100/min, irregular RR rate |
| Atrial Fibrillation tx | Synchronized cardioversion |
| Premature Ventricular Complex | Ectopic beat from ventricle, wide/bizarre QRS complexes >0.12sec, disrupted RR interval, common cause-myocardial ischemia |
| Premature Ventricular Complex | tx Lidocaine |
| Couplet | Two PVC's in a row |
| Salvo | Three or more PVC's in a row, more than 30secs = V.Tach, |
| Salvo tx | Lidocaine, synchronized cardioversion |
| Bigeminy | Pattern of two heart beats, commonly involves PVC |
| Trigeminy | Pattern of three heart beats, commonly involves PVC, every 3rd beat is a PVC followed by 2 normal heart beats |
| AV Blocks | An impulse transmission problem between the atria & ventricles, caused by damage to the nodal pathway from ischemia or infarction, degree increases as damage progresses |
| First Degree Heart Block | Normal P wave, P-R interval > 0.20sec, QRS complex normal, RR normal, P-QRS interval normal |
| First Degree Heart Block tx | None |
| Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type I) | P-R interval increases until P wave does not send signal to the ventricles, missing qrs, RR interval normal |
| Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type II) | Multiple P waves between normal P-QRS-T patterns, fairly regular pattern |
| Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type II) tx | Atropine, Isoproterenol, pacemaker |
| Third Degree Heart Block | Complete A-V dissociation, P unrelated to QRS, QRS wide/bizarre, regular RR interval, ventricular rate < 60/min |
| Third Degree Heart Block tx | Pacemaker |
| The chest leads are also called? | precordial leads |
| PEA stands for? | pulse less electrical activity |
| During the P wave the atria are firing, the QRS? | ventricles are firing and the atria are repolarizing, during the T wave the ventricles repolarize |
Created by:
juialynn92
Popular Respiratory Therapy sets