110 Unit 3 Sect B Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| attenuation | beam energy reduced when passing through tissue/material |
| contrast | difference between adjacent densities |
| density | degree of darkening of film |
| distortion | misrepresentation of true size of object |
| dynamic | with motion |
| half value layer | filtration needed to reduce beam to half its original value |
| intensifying screen | luminescent crystals inside cassette to expose film |
| Inverse square law | formula desribing relationship betwwen intensity and distance |
| Kilovoltage peak (kVp) | measure of electrical pressure, controls quality/quantity of photons in tube |
| latent image | invisible image after exposure but before processing |
| Milliampere Second (mAs) | milliamperage X seconds, controls quantity of photons produced in tube, exposure and density |
| penetrating ability | beam ability to pass through object, controlled by kVp |
| penumbra | fuzzy border |
| photon | particle of radiant energy |
| Positive Beam Limitation (PBL) | automatic collimation |
| primary radiation | beam before hitting object |
| radiolucent | permitting xray passage with little attenuation |
| radiopaque | not easily penetrable by xrays |
| recorded detail | representaion of objects true borders |
| relative speed | speed of film and intensifying screen, slow film, sharper image and more radiation |
| remnant radiation | radiation after beam exits object |
| resolution | measurement of recorded detail on radiograph, aka sharpness of detail, definition |
| scatter radiation | photon interacts with matter, goes in different direction, radiation produced |
| static | unmoving |
| umbra | true border of object as imaged |
| photographic qualities | density and contrast |
| geometric qualities | recorded detail and distortion |
| mAs formula | mA x time = mAs |
| Exposure/density influencing factors | patient factors, kVp, distance, beam modification, grids, film/screen combinations, processing |
| 15% rule | increase kVp 15% will double exposuredecrease kVp 15% will halve exposure |
| 15% rule with no change in exposure | increase kVp 15% and halve mAsdecrease kVp 15% and double mAs |
| inverse square law definition | intensity of beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source |
| inverse square law formula | I1/I2=D1squared/D2squared |
| inverse square law tip | halve the distance, X intensity by 4 |
| exposure maintenance formula | mAs1/mAs2 = D1squared/D2squared |
| primary beam modification | modified beam before entering patient |
| scale of contrast | range of gray tones; few is high contrast, short scale and vica versa |
| Influencing factors of contrast | patient factors, mAs, beam modification, film/screen combinations, contrast media, processing |
| factors affecting recorded detail | motion, object unsharpness, focal spot size, SID, OID, and material unsharpness |
| SID | greater SID better recorded detail |
| OID | greater OID, decreased sharpness |
| size distortion | magnification |
| shape distortion | true distortion |
| shape distortion controlling factors | alignment of beam, part and IR |
| spot imaging | flouroscopy unit changes to radiographic mode |
| anode | positive electode, target, method to accelerate |
| cathode | negative electrode, filament |
| rotor exposure switch | device that begins the exposure |
| ALARA | (radiation exposure) as low as reasonably acheivable |
| Classic Coherent scattering | low energy photon absorbed and released with only a change in direction |
| Compton effect scattering | high energy photon strikes end removes electron from shell, remaining energy released as scatter photon, most harmful to RT |
| Curie (Ci), Becquerel (Bq) | measures the rate a radionuclide decays, 1Ci=3.7 x 10(to the tenth)Bq |
| SI Units | metric radiation measurement developed in 1948 |
| Kilelectron Volt (keV) | equal to 1000 electron volts |
| pair production | interaction between matter and photon having 1.02 million electron volts, producing positron and negatron |
| photoelectric effect | photon strikes inner shell electron ejecting it and absorbing photons energy, most harmful to patient |
| vaccuum | tube housing |
| radiation | forms of energy emitted and transferred through matter |
| Radiation Absorbed Dose(rad), Gray(Gy) | units measure amount of energy absorbed 1 Gy=100 rads; Gy is SI units |
| Roentgen (R) | measures ionization in air |
| Radiation equivalent man (rem), Sievert (Sv) | measures biologic response of exposed individuals to same quantity of differing radiations 1Sv=100rem; Sv is SI unit;1rad=1rem |
| Somatic cell | all of body's cells except germ cells |
| xray | electromagnetic radiation traveling at the speed of light with the ability to penetrate matter |
| ionizind radiation | capable of creating ions by removing orbital electrons with which it reacts |
| Natural background radiation | uranium, radon; we get approx. 295 mrem/yr |
| man made radiation | nuclear power, xrays, ect. we get approx. 65mrem/yr |
| properties of xrays | penetrating electromagnetic waves, heterogenous(many energies), polyenergetic, travels in straight lines, can't be focused, electronically neutral, produce scatter, ionize gasses, cause biological change |
| absorbtion | transfers energy |
| transmission | xrays pass through matter with no reaction |
| photodisintegration | occurs in nuclear industry; energy interacts directly with nucleus, causes excitement, emits nuclear fragment |
Created by:
sandonblaise
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