Flashcards for O2 TX Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Nasal Cannula- Liter Flows | a. 1 - 6 L/min |
| Nasal Cannula- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 24% - 44% b. Variable FiO2 stability |
| Nasal Cannula- Advantages | a. Comfortable, allows for patient to eat and drink b. Typically meets the majority of needs such as: post-op, COPD, lethargy, weakness, or mild pneumonia, etc. |
| Nasal Cannula- Disadvantages | a. Not a precise FiO2 b. Not effective for mouth breathers c. Does not typically meet high O2 demands |
| Nasal Cannula- Best Uses | a. Mild, immediate needs and long-term chronic needs b. can be used on most patients with little risk and low to mild O2 requirements |
| Nasal Cannula- Special/Unique information | a. Rule of fours b. Humidity not required for flows < 4 L/m c. O2 concentration will vary with patient breathing pattern d. Most common oxygen delivery device used in a hospital setting |
| Nasal moustache/ Oxymizer- Liter flows | a. Nasal moustache i. 3 L/m ii. 4 L/m iii. 6 L/m b. Oxymizer i. 1.5 L/m ii. 2 L/m iii. 3 L/m |
| Nasal moustache/ Oxymizer- Approximate FiO2 range | 22%–35% ; stability: variable |
| Nasal moustache/ Oxymizer- Advantages | a. O2 conservation device, allows patient to cut O2 use in half b. Alternative to simple mask (allow for communication/eating and drinking) |
| Nasal moustache/ Oxymizer- Disadvantages | a. Not recommended for long term high flow use (> 10 L/m) |
| Nasal moustache/ Oxymizer- Best Uses | Home care or ambulatory patients who need increased mobility |
| Nasal moustache/ Oxymizer- Special/ Unique Information | a. Never use with humidity |
| Simple Mask- LIter Flows | a. 6 – 10 L/min |
| Simple Mask- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 35% - 50% b. Variable FiO2 stability |
| Simple Mask- Advantages | a. Meets higher FiO2 demands b. Allows for mouth breather |
| Simple Mask-Disadvantages | a. Does not allow precise FiO2 delivery; flow based b. If the flow is less than patients LPM demand they will rebreathe CO2 |
| Simple Mask- Best Uses | a. Rarely used |
| Simple Mask- Special/Unique Information | a. Never use with humidity b. Short term use only c. Never use less than 6 lpm |
| Partial rebreather- Liter Flows | a. > 10 L/min |
| Partial rebreather- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 40% - 70% b. Variable FiO2 stability |
| Partial rebreather- Disadvantages | a. Should be temporary and can cause irritation and dryness to airways/sinuses over time b. Bulky and easily bumped or pulled off of face |
| Partial rebreather- Best Uses | a. Serious situation b. Severe O2 demands only c. Shock d. Blood loss e. Severe infection or asthma f. PE |
| Partial rebreather- Special/ Unique Information | a. Reservoir bag must not collapse during inspiration b. Never use with humidity c. Short term use |
| Partial rebreather- Advantages | a. High level of O2 delivered b. Has large reservoir to keep FiO2 delivery more constant |
| Non-rebreather mask- Liter Flows | a. 12 - 15 L/min |
| Non-rebreather mask- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 60% - 100% b. Variable FiO2 stability |
| Non-rebreather mask- Advantages | a. High level of O2 delivered b. Has large reservoir to keep FiO2 delivery more constant |
| Non-rebreather mask- Disadvantages | a. Should be temporary and can cause irritation and dryness to airways/sinuses over time b. Bulky and easily bumped or pulled off of face |
| Non-rebreather mask- Best Uses | a. Serious situation b. Severe O2 demands only c. Shock d. Blood loss e. Severe infection or asthma f. PE |
| Non-rebreather mask- Special/ Unique information | a. Reservoir bag must not collapse during inspiration b. Never use with humidity c. Short term use |
| Oxymask- Liter Flows | a. 1 - 15 L/m |
| Oxymask- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 24% - 90% |
| Oxymask- Advantages | a. Allows for unrestricted communication b. Reduces feelings of claustrophobia |
| Oxymask- Special Information | a. Mask device with widest range of FiO2 and liter flow b. Can use with bubble humidifier if flow 1 - 6 lpm |
| Air entrainment mask- Liter Flows | a. Varies, > 60 L/min |
| Air entrainment mask- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 24% - 50% b. Fixed FiO2 stability |
| Air entrainment mask- Advantages | a. A true FiO2 (O2 level) delivered b. Higher flow and ventilated mask reduce risk of re-breathing patient’s own CO2 c. Can give you a set FiO2 d. Can be titrated accurately and give therapists a true understanding of patients needs |
| Air entrainment mask- Disadvantages | a. Can be drying to mouth and sinus b. Slightly bulky c. Requires flow rate and FiO2 setting to be matched to achieve accurate FiO2 |
| Air entrainment mask- Best Uses | a. Ideal for CO2 retainers or hypoxic drive patients b. Moderate to high demand for O2 |
| Air entrainment mask- Special information | a. Never use with bubble humidifier b. Never cover entrainment ports |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula- Liter Flows | a. Adults i. 20 – 35 L/m b. Infants i. 4 – 8 L/m |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 21% - 100% b. FiO2 stability generally fixed, depends on system input flow, patient breathing patterns |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula- Advantages | a. Allows patient to eat and drink b. Vastly adjustable both on flow and FiO2 c. Good alternative for patients who cannot tolerate BiPAP d. Reduces WOB |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula- Disadvantages | FiO2 is often ensured but depends on system, input flow, and patient breathing pattern; infection risk |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula- Best uses | a. Moderate to maximum O2 patient demands b. Only be used for patients with mild – moderate WOB |
| Nasal Catheter- Liter Flows | a. 1 - 6 L/min |
| Nasal Catheter- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 24% - 44% b. Variable FiO2 stability, dependent on the patient’s respiratory rate and tidal volume. |
| Nasal Catheter-Adavantages | Use on adults, children, infants; good stability; disposable; low cost |
| Nasal Catheter- Disadvantages | Difficult to insert; high flow increases back pressure; needs regular changing; polyps, deviated septum may block insertion; may provoke gagging, air swallowing, aspiration |
| Nasal Catheter-Best uses | Procedures in which cannula is difficult to use (bronchoscopy); long-term care of infants |
| Oxyhood- Liter Flows | a. ≥ 7 L/min |
| Oxyhood- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 21% - 100% b. Fixed FiO2 stability |
| Oxyhood- Advantages | Full range of FiO2 |
| Oxyhood- Disadvantages | Difficult to clean, disinfect |
| Oxyhood- Best Uses | Infants who need supplemental O2 |
| Trans-tracheal Catheter- Liter Flows | 1/4–4 L/min |
| Trans-tracheal Catheter- Approximate FiO2 range | 22%–35%, stability: variable |
| Trans-tracheal Catheter- Advantages | Lower O2 use and cost; eliminates nasal and skin irritation; improved compliance; increased exercise tolerance; increased mobility; enhanced image |
| Trans-tracheal Catheter- Disadvantages | High cost; surgical complications; infection; mucous plugging; lost tract |
| Trans-tracheal Catheter- Best Uses | Home care or ambulatory patients who need increased mobility or do not accept nasal O2 |
| Trans-tracheal Catheter- Special/ Unique information | RT assistance recommended... |
| Face Tent- Liter Flows | 12–15 L/min |
| Face Tent- Approximate FiO2 range | 40%–50% ; stability: variable |
| Face Tent- Advantages | Provides concurrent aerosol therapy |
| Face Tent- Disadvantages | Expensive, cumbersome, unstable FiO2 (leaks); requires cooling; difficult to clean, disinfect; limits patient mobility; fire hazard |
| Face Tent- Best Uses | Toddlers or small children who need low to moderate FiO2 and aerosol |
| Face Tent- Special/ Unique information | RT assistance recommended.... |
| Air Entrainment Nebulizer- Liter Flows | a. 10 – 15 L/min input b. At least 60 L/min output |
| Air Entrainment Nebulizer- Approximate FiO2 range | a. 28% - 100% b. Fixed FiO2 stability |
| Air Entrainment Nebulizer- Advantages | a. Can be paired with aerosol mask, tracheostomy mask, face tent, or T-piece b. A true FiO2 (O2 level) delivered c. Higher flow and ventilated mask reduce risk of re-breathing patient’s own CO2 d. Can be titrated accurately and give therapist a true un |
| Air Entrainment Nebulizer-Disadvantages | a. Slightly bulky b. Requires flow rate and FiO2 setting to be matched to achieve accurate FiO2 c. Can be a source of contamination (humidity) |
| Air Entrainment Nebulizer- Best Uses | a. Patients with a moderate to high demand for O2 |
| Air Entrainment Nebulizer- Special/ Unique information | a. Dial setting on device determines FiO2 b. Never use flows < 8 L/m c. Use sterile water not normal saline in reservoir bottle d. Tandam nebulizer or high flow set-up must be used with O2 > 50% |
| small-volume nebulizer (SVN) | Operate at 6-8 Lpm Fio2 range: NC 24-44%, Simple mask: 35-50% Range: approx. 25-30% of particles are in respirable range depending on liter flow. 60-90 breaths Advantages: many drug solutions, can deliver combinations, Minimal pt. cooperation requi |
| Large Volume Nebulizer (LVN) | Delivers 28-100% O2 @ flows of 10-15 lpm Dial setting on device determines FiO2Total flow output 60 lpm wide FiO2 range Cool bland aerosol Advantage: Deliver humidified gases to provide adequate flow to meet inspiratory demands. Disadvantage: N |
| breath-actuated nebulizer | Liter flow:inhalation flow rate close to 25 L/min to operate the breath-actuation mechanism. FiO2: Advantages:best deposition, less medication waste. Disadvantage:expensive, patient needs to be able to take breaths strong enough to actuate nebulizer. |
| Ultrasonic Nebulizer (USN) | Rate of flow: 0-2 mL per min, or 0-120 mL per hour. Advantages: portable, lightweight, small residual volume, quiet,minimal waste,MMAD- 3.5 Disadvantages: Expensive, not reimbursed by medicare, medicaid, ultrasonic waves may inactivate some drugs, not |
| Vibrating mesh nebulizer (VM Neb) | Diameter of 4-5 um Operate around 128 khz Advantage: Can help stimulate cough and sputum production, nebulized directly to lung parenchyma. Disadvantage: Limited, blockage of particles can result if not cleaned properly, contamination of reservoir devi |
| Small particle aerosol generator (SPAG) | Nebulizer = 7 L/min Drying chamber = 8 L/min. 50 psi - 26 psi Advantage:efficient nebulizer for ribavirin; it is also being used for the delivery of other pulmonary agents. The efficiency of a nebulizer can be defined in large part by delivering a majo |
| Meter dose inhaler (MDI) | Flow rates: between 30 and < 60 L/min ( flow rate of 60 L/min allows for optimum inhalation) Advantages: portable,light, and compact, combination drugs available, shorter treatment times, reproducible dosing, no drug preparation needed, difficult to cont |
| dry powder inhaler (DPI) | Flow rate: minium peak inspi-ratory flow rate of 30 L/min, best achiev-ing inspiratory flow rates of 60-90 L/min Advantages: small and portable , propellant free, breath actuated, built-in dose counter, no drug preparation needed, difficult to contaminat |
| Breath enhanced nebulizer | Liter flow: 6-8 lpm Range: approx. 63-87% of particles are in respirable range, depending on liter flow and nebulizer model Advantages: high output, short treatments, higher dose than T-neb or Mdi is possible, multiple " one-way" valves reduce waste, d |
| soft Mist Inhaler (SMI) | Propellant free Utilizes mechanical energy in the form of a tension spring Depressing the dose release button releases energy from the spring, forcing solution to the mouthpiece and producing a soft mist of aerosol lasting 1.5 seconds. Advantages: Easy |
| Mini-heart nebulizer | Has a 30mL reservoir volume and operates at 1 to 2L/min. Advantages: Disadvantage: Best use:Ideal for interfacing with ventilator circuits and for delivering treatments to CO2 retainers. Bronchodilator rescue therapy in the emergency department. Speci |
| Respirgard Nebulizer | Small Volume nebulizers with only one-way valves and an expiratory filter Used to deliver pentamidine which is used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Advantages:Ability to aerosolize many drug solutions Ability to aerosolize drug mixtures (>1 dru |
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