AICP-Legal, History Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| 1970 | EPA created under Clean Air Act. |
| 1961 | Hawaii, statewide zoning. |
| 1925 | Cincinnati Plan. 1st comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman) |
| Nollan v. California Coastal Commission | 1987. "essential nexus". land use restrictions must be tied to specific purpose. |
| Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty | 1926. Upheld reasonable comprehensive zoning as constitutional. |
| 1944 | GI Bill. Serviceman's Readjustment Act. Loans to veterans. |
| 1919 | Ohio Planning Conference. Citizen Planning Organization |
| 1933 | FDR Inaugurated. New Deal begins |
| 1921 | New Orleans Vieux Carre Commission, 1st historic preservation commission in US |
| Goals Achievement Matrix | GAM. A Comprehensive Approach, shows anticipated attainment of project goals and distribution among groups. |
| Fred Law Olmsted Sr. | Riverside Illinois, Central Park 1857, Columbian Exposition 1893 site planner. |
| CBA | Cost BENEFIT Analysis. Compares community gains against costs to achieve it. |
| 1928 | US Department of Commerce under Hoover Standard City Planning Enabling Act |
| 1916 | National Park Service Established. 1st Federal Aid Highway Act |
| Point Source Pollutant | Come out of a pipe. |
| 1937 | US Housing Act |
| Performance Budgeting | Budget includes performance goals and objectives, qualitative achievement. |
| Petaluma Environmental Design Plan | 1971. Mocine & Williams. Phased residential growth limited to 500 units a year. Upheld in Supreme Court. |
| Grant-in-aid | Government grant for specific person, with strings attached (drinking age/highway funds) |
| ZBB | Zero Based Budget. Breaks budget into decision packages. which are ranked for affordability, all budget requests are built from 0. |
| 1899 | 1st State Court support of laws restricting heights of buildings |
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area. MSAs are defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget only, and used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other U.S. government agencies for statistical purposes only |
| Image of the City | Paths, Nodes, Edges, Landmarks, Districts. Kevin Lynch. |
| PERT | Program Evaluation and Review Technique. Scheduling technique that depicts interrelationships of tasks in project. Allows focus on key elements and problems |
| Location Quotient | Ratio - % of local employment within a sector divided by % of overall employment in a sector. |
| Stein and Wright | Radburn. US version of Garden City. Cul-de-Sac early use. |
| 1924 | Standard State Zoning Enabling Act. Department of Commerce under Hoover. |
| Mount Laurel II (NAACP v. Mount Laurel) | |
| Robert Moses | Great Expediter. 1888-1981 |
| 1890 | How the Other Half Lives (Jacob Riis) published. Neighborhood reform. |
| Shift Share | Shift in Share of particular industry |
| Zahn v. Public Works of Los Angeles | 1925. California. Upheld Zoning of undeveloped land. |
| CNEL | Community Noise Equivalent Level. |
| 1939 | ACPI becomes AIP American Institute of Planners |
| Revenue Bonds | sold for projects that produce revenue, financed through service charges and fees. Higher rate of return. No voter approval needed. |
| Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council | 1992. Limits government ability to restrict private property without compensation. |
| Eubank. v. City of Richmond | 1912. Constitutionality of Setback lines. |
| As-of-right | use of land permitted a principal use in a zoning district. |
| Dolan v. City of Tigard | 1994. Rough proportionality must be shown between adverse impacts and exactions imposed on developer |
| 1915 | 1st State to institute extraterritorial mandatory referral of subdivision plats. California |
| 1855 | First Model Tenement built in Manhattan |
| Non-Point Pollutant | Runoff and Drainage Pollution. |
| 1947 | Park Forest, IL and Levittown, NY. |
| Ernest Burgess | Concentric Zone model of urban structure and land use. |
| Amortization | process by which non-conforming uses and structures must be discontinued or made to conform to ordinance at the end of a specified period of time. |
| Mill Rate | dividing the mills by 10 (moving the decimal point to the left by one) yields the percentage rate – 20 mills = 2.0%. |
| 1929 | Stock Market crash. |
| Affordable Housing | Housing developed through zoning incentives, cost effective construction and government subsidy. |
| 1966 | National Historic Preservation Act. |
| Capital Improvement Plan | (CIP) Strategy for acquisition, planning, design or construction of land, buildings, infrastructure, equipment. Etc. |
| Fred Law Olmsted Jr. | ACPI President. Forest Hills Gardens and Palos Verdes Estates. Shaped Standard City Enabling Act. |
| Census Tract | typically 2,500 to 8,000 people, do not cross county lines |
| Lowell v. Stoklosa | 1924. Massachusetts. Upheld Zoning. |
| Serrano v. Priest | 1971. Property Tax and School Finance can lead to discriminatory, unequal treatment under law. |
| 1965 | HUD Formed Robert C. Weaver, 1st Secretary |
| Lawrence Veiller | Reforming behind Tenement Law |
| Spearman's Rho | non-parametric measure of statistical dependence between two variables. a perfect Spearman correlation of +1 or −1 occurs when each of the variables is a perfect monotone function of the other |
| 1960 | Image of the City. Kevin Lynch. |
| 1945 | 1st State redevelopment act. Pennsylvania |
| 1926 | 1st Public subsidy for housing, State of NY. |
| 1966 | National Historic Preservation Act establishes the National Register of Historic Places. Section 106 protects sites and properties. |
| Line Item Budget | Defines budget on what will be bought, without reference to performance or priorities. |
| 1907 | 1st permanent planning board Hartford Connecticut |
| First English Evangelical Lutheran v. County of Los Angeles | 1987, temporary takings require compensation. |
| 1935 | Resettlement Administration. Rexford Tugwell. Greenbelt Maryland, Greenhills, Ohio. |
| Forest Hills Gardens | 1911. First Garden Suburb FLO Jr. |
| Property Tax Abatement | Reduction of property tax for a stipulated time period to encourage growth in an area. |
| Clean Water Act. NPDES | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. Permit system for water pollution discharge. |
| 1915 | "Cities in Evolution" Patrick Geddes. Regional Planning Theory |
| 1977 | First AIP membership exams. |
| PPBS | Planning, Programming Budgetary System. Spending viewed by programs not objects, clarifying purpose of expenditures and priorities. |
| 1892 | US Federal Government recognition of slums and cities |
| 1913 | Ford & Goodrich. 1st planning firm. |
| Progressive Tax | Tax rate increases as income increases |
| 1967 | 50th anniversary of planning profession. |
| 1961 | First flexible control zoning ordinance. FAR |
| Munn v. Illinois | 1876. Implied public interest on private land. |
| Patrick Geddes | Cities in Evolution. Father of Regional Planning. |
| Country Club Plaza | 1922. KC First Suburban Shopping Center |
| CRA | Cost REVENUE Analysis. Measures amount of payment in from a sector against cost of services provided to that sector. |
| CES | Current Employment Statistics. BLS collects data on employment, hours and earnings from non-farm establishments |
| 1980 | Creation of environmental Superfund. |
| Opportunity Cost | Lost upside of alternate choice not selected. |
| 1867-SF | Beginning of Zoning. SF prohibits specific obnoxious uses in certain districts. |
| Greenbelt Towns | 1st Federally built new towns. |
| Cincinnati Plan | Ford-Goodrich Plan. First comprehensive plan. |
| Alfred Bettman | Cincinnati Comprehensive Plan. 1925. Euclid/Ambler. ASPO President. |
| 1933 | US National Planning Board |
| Windsor v. Whitney | 1920. Upheld duties of planning commission to set street widths and layouts. |
| Romar Realty v. Board of Commissioners | 1921. New Jersey. Minimum Building height restriction rejected as indulgent aesthetic consideration. |
| 1964 | Civil Rights Act. Outlaws discrimination |
| The Making of Urban America | John Reps, 1965, 1st history of American planning. |
| NEPA | 1969. National Environmental Policy Act. Requires environmental impact statement for federal projects. |
| Oregon Statewide Plan | 1973. Statewide Growth Management. |
| Clean Air Act. ACQR. | Air Quality Control Region |
| Wetmore Amendment | 1967. Includes social planners, not just physical planning. |
| Lewis Mumford | The Culture of Cities 1938. INspired city and regional planning. New York based. |
| Welch v. Swasey | 1909. Boston. Building heights for districts upheld |
| 1931 | National Land Utilization Conference in Chicago |
| 1978 | AIP and ASPO merge to form APA. |
| Classifications of Revenue | Tax, User Charge, Administrative Fee, License, Debt Service, Grant-In-Aid |
| 1972. Golden v. Ramapo | performance criteria used to control growth. |
| Standard Deviation | Square Root of the Variance |
| 1879 | Dumbbell Tenement. Multifamily housing type with insufficient light and air. Banned in 1901 |
| Acre | 43,560 SF |
| Design Within Nature | Ian McHarg, 1969. |
| 1916 | 1st Regional functional authority plan. Miami Ohio |
| 1867-NY | 1st Tenement Housing Law in NY for physical conditions. |
| The Federal Bulldozer | Martin Anderson, 1964 |
| 1907 | 1st Comprehensive City Survey Pittsburgh. |
| 1898 | Tomorrow a Peaceful Path to Real Reform Published by Ebenezer Howard. Beginning of Garden City Movement. Reissued 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow. |
| 1862 | Homestead Act. opened the lands of the Public Domain to settlers for nominal fee and 5 years residence |
| 1934 | 1st federally built housing. |
| Mount Laurel I (NAACP v. Mount Laurel) | Communities in growing area must take fair share of affordable housing in regional growth. |
| Variance | Average of Sum of Squared distances from mean. |
| Tax Increment Financing | Leverages future tax gains to fund current improvements. |
| Ad Valorem Tax | Tax on Property calculated based upon a percent of the value of the property |
| NAICS | North American Industry Classification System. Replaced SIC. Classifies business activities. Pronounced "nakes" |
| Touhy v. City of Chicago | 1946. Slum clearance, lease of city property still public use. |
| 1909 | 1st National Conference on City Planning, D.C. |
| NEPA - EIS Requirements | 1) probable impact of proposed action. 2) adverse effects which cannot be avoided. 3) Alternatives to proposed action. 4) The relationship between local short term uses and long term productivity. 5) Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments |
| Step Down Method | Population Summary method. Multiply state, metro area estimates provided by Census bureau or others times percentage of study area population in previous census |
| 1971 | AIP Code of Ethics |
| 1914 | 1st Municipally employed planner. Harland Bartholomew, Newark NJ |
| Cusack v. City of Chicago | 1917. Advertisements prohibited in residential area for health and welfare concerns |
| 1910 | 1st American test of Neighborhood idea. Forest Hill Gardens, Long Island |
| 1929 | Clarence Perry monograph on Neighborhood Unit |
| 1909 | Plan of Chicago, Burnham |
| 1922 | LA County Regional Planning Commission. |
| 1970 | 1st Earth Day |
| Greenbelt Towns | 1930. Rural Resettlement Administration (RRA). Greenbelt, Greenhills, Greendale, Greenbrook. Built and operated by Fed. |
| Ladder of Citizen Participation | Sherry Arnstein. a. Non participation (no control). 1. Manipulation 2. Therapy b. Degrees of tokenism. 1. Informing 2. Consultation 3. Placation c. Degrees of citizen power. 1. Partnership 2. Delegated power 3. Citizen control |
| NY Housing Authority v. Muller | 1936. Slum clearance acceptable benefit of public domain. |
| 1909 | 1st American use of zoning to restrict development. LA |
| American City Planning since 1890 | Mel Scott. 1969. |
| 1919 | Boston. Sewer, Water and Park Commissions |
| 1917 | Fred Law Olmstead Jr. 1st president of American City Planning Institute. ACPI. |
| Washington Ex.Rel Seattle Trust v. Roberge | 1928. Discrimination against group homes repugnant to Due Process. |
| 1785 | Ordinance of 1785. Provided for rectangular land survey of west |
| 1922 | County Club Plaza, KC Car oriented shopping center. |
| Regional Tax Base Sharing | Sharing of tax revenue across multiple jurisdictions. |
| Country Club Plaza | 1922. KC First Suburban Shopping Center |
| EUAC or EUAB | equivalent uniform annual cost or equivalent uniform annual benefits. Lifecycle cost method. |
| 1949 | Housing Act. 800,000 new units planned. |
| 1939 | Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities. Homer Hoyt. |
| BLS | Bureau of Labor Statisics |
| Neighborhood Unit | Clarence Perry |
| General Obligation Bond | Taxing power of jurisdiction pledged to pay interest upon and retire debt. Voter Approved often |
| 1972 | Coastal Zone Management Act |
| 1934 | ASPO American Society of Planning Officials (Alfred Bettman, 1st president) |
| 1961 | The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs |
| 1972 | Demo of Pruitt-Igoe. |
| Regressive Tax | Persons of lower income pay higher percentage of income in tax, i.e. Sales Tax, Social Security tax |
| 1921 | 1st Bi-State Authority. Port Authority NY |
| National Environmental Policy Act. | 1969. Requires environmental impact statements for federal and state funded projects. |
| NYC Zoning Code | 1916. George Burdett Ford. Comprehensive Zoning Plan |
| ISTEA | 1991. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act |
| 1954 | Berman v. Parker. Aesthetics subject to eminent domain. |
| 1906 | Burnham Plan for San Francisco. City Beautiful principles. |
| 1916 | "Planning of the Modern City" Nelson Lewis. |
| 1949 | National Trust for Historic Preservation |
| 1928 | 1st "New Town" Radburn, NJ |
| 1948 | 1st post-WWII Comprehensive Plan. Cincinnati. |
| Father of Zoning | Edward Bassett. Worked with George McAneny on NYC Board of Estimates and 1st comprehensive zoning resolution. |
| Vieux Carre Plan | 1721. Adrien de Pauger. 1925 first historic preservation ordinance. |
| Radburn | 1928. Stein & Wright. Influential Residential Plan. Superblocks, Cul-De-Sacs |
| Synoptic Rationality | Rational Comprehensive Approach. 1 Goal Setting 2. Identify Alternatives. 3. Evaluate Means against ends. 4. Implement preferred alternative. |
| 1973 | Endangered Species Act. |
| MBO | Management By Objective. Peter Drucker 1954. Participative Goal setting, measurement of employee performance with standards set. |
| Neighborhood Unit Principle | Clarence Perry. 1923. Walkable neighborhood superblocks. "Plan for the Mechanic Age" |
| Variance | A limited waiver from the requirements of a zoning ordinance. |
| Vertical and Horizontal Equity | V - unequal tax treatment for unequal economic conditions. H - equal tax treatment across similar economic condition. |
| CEA | Cost EFFECTIVENESS Analysis. Analyzes program options with equal benefits for lowest cost solution. |
| 1922 | Inaugeration of Regional Plan of NY. Thomas Adams |
| Section 4(f) | Department of Transportation Act provides protection to parkland, wildlife refuge in road building. |
| 1933 | Tennessee Valley Authority. Senator George Norris. Regional program in economic, social, physical development by federal government |
| Reserve Fund Financing | Funds accumulated in advance for capital contruction or purchase. Earmarked operational revenues, or sale of capital assets. |
| Paul Davidoff | Suburban Action Institute. 1969. Mt. Laurel. Advocacy Planning |
| 1901 | NY State Tenement Law. Outlaws tenement houses and dumbbell tenement. |
| 1994 | NAFTA |
| 1913 | 1st American Planning Textbook. Flavel Shurtleff, "Carrying out the City Plan" |
| 1964 | The Urban General Plan. TJ Kent |
| Savannah, GA | 1733. James Oglethorpe. |
| Hadacheck v. Sebastian | 1915. Implies that land use zoning is constitutional. Brickmaking prohibited in city limits. |
| 1919 | Bronx River Parkway, NY |
| 1864 | NY Council of Hygiene of Citizens Association raises housing and sanitary standards |
| 1903 - England | Letchworth. 1st Garden City, England. |
| Exaction | condition for development is imposed on a parcel of land that requires part of the land to be dedicated to public use. |
| 1893 | World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Source of City Beautiful |
| 1934 | National Housing Act. Birth of FHA (mortgage insurance |
| Homer Hoyt | Sector Theory of urban structure. |
| Charles Lindblom | Incremental Planning "The Science of Muddling Through" |
| Property Tax | Assessing, Setting Tax Rate, Collection. Tends to be regressive |
| 1880 | Pullman Illinois. Model industrial town, now part of South Chicago |
| Proportional Tax | All pay same rate per dollar |
| 1961 | 1st Federal Housing Subsidy Program. 221-d |
| Cochran v. Preston | 1903. Baltimore Building height limitations upheld under police power. |
| ACSP | Associated Collegiate SChools of Planning. 1980. |
| 1903 - US | Cleveland Civic Center. Daniel H. Burnham |
| 1965 | Water Resources Management Act, Multi-State River basin comissions |
| Cincinnati Plan | Ford-Goodrich Plan. First comprehensive plan. |
| 1909 | 1st State Enabling Act, Wisconsin |
| 1984 | Seaside Florida. 1st New Urbanist development. |
| Penn Central v. City of NY | 1978. Barring of air rights not a taking, as interior of project had value. |
| 1949 | 1st Urban redevelopment clearance program |
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