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Anthropology 101
Kinship and Descent
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kindred | An individuals genetically close blood relatives on the maternal and paternal sides of his or her family |
| Kinship | A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations |
| Descent Group | Any kin-group whose members share a direct line of descent from a real (historical) or fictional common ancestor |
| Unilineal Descent | Descent traced exclusively through either the male or the female line of ancestry to establish group membership |
| Patrilineal | Descent traced exclusively through the male line of ancestry to establish group membership |
| Matrilineal | Descent traced exclusively through the female line of ancestry to establish group membership |
| Ambilineal Descent | A person has the option of affiliating with either the mother's or the father's descent group. Such a kin-ordered system provides a measure of flexibility. Located in Samoan Islands |
| Bilateral Descent | When descent derives from both the mother's and father's families equally. In such a system people trace their descent from all ancestors, regardless of their gender of side of the family |
| Lineage | A unilineal kin-group descended from a common ancestor or founder who lived four to six generations ago and in which relationships among members can be exactly stated in genealogical terms |
| Clan | An extended unilineal kin-group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor, usually legendary or mythological |
| Totemism | The belief that people are related to particular animals, plants, or natural objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits |
| Moiety | Each group, usually consisting of several clans, that results from a division of a society into two halves on the basis of descent |
| Phratry | A unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that supposedly share a common ancestry, whether or not they really do. |
| Family | Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. The family may take many forms, ranging from a single parent with one ore more children, to a married couple or polygamous spouses with or without offspring |
| Nuclear Family | A group consisting of one or two parents and dependent offspring, which may include a stepparent, stepsiblings, and adopted children. Until recently this term referred only to the father, mother, and children unit |
| Extended Family | Two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together in a large domestic group |
Created by:
crescenti
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