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Chapter 2
Waves
Term | Definition |
---|---|
wave | a disturbance involving the transfer of energy from one place to another. |
energy | the ability to do work |
medium | the material through which a wave travels |
mechanical wave | waves that require a medium to travel |
vibration | a repeated back and forth or up and down motion |
transverse wave | a wave that vibrates the medium at right angles, or perpendicular to the direction the wave travels |
crest | a high point on a transverse wave |
trough | a low point on a transverse wave |
longitudinal wave | vibrates the medium in the same direction the wave is traveling |
compression | an area where the coils are close together |
rarefaction | an area where the coils are spread out |
amplitude | the maximum distance the medium vibrates from the rest position |
wavelength | the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave |
frequency | the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time |
hertz | frequency is measured in this unit |
reflection | when a wave hits a surface that it cannot pass through it and it bounces back |
refraction | when a wave enters a different medium at an angle causing the speed of the wave to change . The wave will bend. |
diffraction | when waves bend around barriers or through an opening in a barrier |
interference | the interaction of waves that meet |
constructive interference | interference in which waves combine to form a wave with a larger amplitude and any individual wave's amplitude |
destructive interference | interference in which two waves combine to form a wave with a smaller amplitude than either original wave had |
standing wave | a wave that appears to be standing still even though it is two waves passing through each other |
resonance | increase in amplitude of a vibration that occurs when external vibrations match an object's natural frequency |