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Music Exam 5

QuestionAnswer
A Semitone is the smallest possible musical interval (the distance from one musical pitch to another) in the western tuning system.
Melody in both Chinese and Japanese music uses a collection of pitches known as a pentatonic scale, "penta" meaning 5 pitches.
The Chinese pentatonic scale does NOT have any semitone intervals.
The Japanese pentatonic scale has a semitone interval between the 1st & 2nd pitches, C and D FLAT.
The Japanese in mode (pronounced "een") has a semitone interval.
A pervading aspect of Japanese arts is the aesthetic principle known as "ma."
Ma can be defined as the quality of emptiness within defined parameters or the negative space between elements.
In Japanese music, ma is expressed through slow tempos and allowing space between notes
Japanese musical and theatrical performances are often laid out in three large sections according to an artistic principle of formal organization called jo-ha-kyū, a term that roughly translates to “start, break, rapid.”
Chinese musical instruments are generally played for solo and small ensemble performances by highly trained professional musicians.
Chinese Instruments are also used as the musical accompaniment during theater performances including Jingju (Peking Opera).
Another aspect of Chinese instrumental music is that it acknowledges sonic space (no sound at all) as being just as important as sound, and the balance between the two is part what gives Chinese music it's character and identity
The Pipa is a pear shaped string instrument with a wooden body and four strings also called the Chinese lute.
Dizi are Chinese flutes made from bamboo and have a distinctive rice paper or bamboo membrane inside the flute that creates a buzzing sound.
Music, dance, acrobatics, acting, set design, costume design, symbolic face paint or masks, are all components of both Chinese and Japanese theatrical arts.
It is custom in both Chinese and Japanese theatrical cultures that students make a lifetime commitment starting by living at the theatrical school or teachers home for several years of constant training.
Gender is often a very important part of Chinese and Japanese theatrical arts.
Gendered art forms and the idea of "performing gender" have a long history in Chinese and Japanese art forms, including Jingju and Kabuki.
The "Ma" Principle as it exists in Kabuki & Noh Theater: -The balance of action & inaction -or- movement & stillness -The balance of two dimensional & three dimensional object & space -The balance of sound & silence
Japanese Kabuki Theater is an art form that combines several artistic mediums including acting, martial arts, painting, set design, costume design, and music.
The art of Kabuki is in incorporating all of these artistic mediums in balance, acknowledging the Ma Principle.
Noh Theater is a minimalist Japanese theatrical style.
The simplicity of Noh originates from the importance of physical space found in the principles of Taoist and Japanese Zen Philosophy.
Noh Theater is over six hundred years old, making it the oldest form of traditional theater in Asia.
The music of Noh consists of a chorus of chanters and only a few instruments that provide the musical accompaniment. The chorus of chanters seated along the side of the stage act as narrators for the story.
The Shakuhachi is an end-blown bamboo flute with five finger holes
Starting notes out of silence by playing a sharp puff of air called a chiff
the use of vibrato causese the pitch to waver or “vibrate"
overblowing forcing air through the instrument to create louder & higher pitches called overtones
Gagaku and is considered to be the most refined and elegant musical art form of the ancient Japanese courts, and arguably the world's oldest orchestral music
A traditional gagaku orchestra has eight instruments that represent all major sound production categories.
The Chordophones and Aerophones of gagaku play in heterophony (almost together) while the Membranophones and Idiophones punctuate and direct the music.
Like many other world traditions, Gagaku music is passed down orally, which means that it is taught from one person to another and not through written music.
Unlike many other world music traditions, gagaku is not improvised.
The melody of this gagaku piece, Etenraku is relatively well-known throughout Japan as one of the oldest tunes in the repertory. The title literally means “Music from Heaven”
Many gagaku performances such as this one follow the jo-ha-kyū structure, starting off slowly, then picking up in the middle and coming to a rapid end.
Created by: MathMatt
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