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Duration

Stage 6 flashcards for NSW Music 1: Duration

QuestionAnswer
Rhythmic Ostinato A constantly repeated musical phrase in the same instrument or voice. An ostinato can be rhythmic, melodic or harmonic
Repetition Reiteration of a pattern, either immediately after its first statement or throughout the piece of music, as a unifying feature
Syncopation An emphasis on the weak or off beats. Composers use syncopation in three ways: accents, rests and ties
Rhythmic Motif A rhythmic fragment that is repeated in a piece of music either immediately or throughout the piece as a unifying feature
Imitation A pattern that is restated by the same or a different instrument as a unifying feature
Riff A repeated pattern, either melodic or chordal, that is usually a few bars in length and usually associated with jazz or rock music
Accents Stresses placed on particular notes for expression
Anticipation Refers to a note that is played or sung before a strong beat — for example, a quaver before the first beat of a bar — anticipating the phrase
Hemiola A pattern of syncopated beats with two beats played in the time of three, or three in the time of two
Polyrhythm Two or more independent rhythms played simultaneously in different parts
Cross Rhythms Conflicting rhythmic patterns played simultaneously (e.g. three against four) or conflicting metres (e.g. 3/4 against 4/4)
Diminution A pattern that is repeated with the notes half their previous duration
Augmentation A pattern that is repeated with the notes double their previous duration
A feel or ‘groove’ heard in jazz, especially in ‘swing’ music, based on two emphasised subdivisions of the beat Swing Rhythm
Heard in rock and popular music in which the pop/rock drum pattern is usually stressed Rock Beat
What are the FOUR main rhythmic features of Baroque Music? hemiola, repetition, imitation, accents
Which styles of music feature: ostinato, riff, repetition, syncopation, accents, swing rhythm, rock beat? Jazz, Pop and Rock music
Name some simple rhythm note values. Crotchet, pairs of quavers, minims, semibreves
Which time signatures are in quadruple metre? 4/4 and 12/8
Which time signatures are in triple metre? 3/4 and 9/8
Which time signatures are in duple metre? 2/4 and 6/8
Define compound time. When the beats of a piece of music can be divided into three
Define simple time When the beats of a piece of music can be divided into two
What is the term used for constantly changing time signatures? Multimeric or mixed metre. E.g. swapping between 6/8 and 4/4
What does accelerando mean? Gradually getting faster
What does ritenuto mean? Gradually getting slower
What is the mnemonic for duration? MR BeaT (Metre, Rhythm, Beat, Tempo)
What is tempo? The speed of the music
How can we define the beat? strong/weak, definite/indefinite
How can you describe the tempo? slow-->steady-->moderate-->fast-->very fast A sudden change
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