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Music Notes Q3

QuestionAnswer
What is the rule for placing Soprano, Alto and Tenor voices? S and A & A and T can't be over an octabe apart
What is the rule for placing Tenor and Bass voices? They can be as far apart as you wante
Approximate range for a Soprano A3 - G5
Approximate range for an Alto G3 - C5
Approximate range for a Tenor B2 - G4
Approximate range for a Bass C2 - wherever I guess
What are the two types of Authentic Cadence? Perfect and Imperfect
What are the requirements for a PAC? V & I must be in root position Bass goes ^5->^1 Soprano must double root in tonic Penultimate chord - soprano must have leading tone to it resolves up tendency tones resolve
What are the requirements for an IAC? Not a PAC
Why is I6/4 to V to I a super common cadential device? 2nd inversion is super unstable. It sounds suspended and not like a tonic function.
What is a non chord tone? A tone not in a chord. What's officially in the chord is much for restricted for this era than for contemporary music. Can be chromatic. Anything outside of triads or 7th chords.
How do you analyze non chord tones? You put them in parentheses and label with type.
What is a neighbor tone? n.t. - connect two of same pitch by step. upper or lower
What is a passing tone? p.t. - connecting chord tones separated by a third
What is a neighbor (tone) group? upper and lower n.t.
What is an appoggiatura? app. Chord tone -> leap to a dissonant non chord tone -? step to consonant tone. typically a recovery
What is an escape tone? opposite of appoggiatura - chord tone -> step to dissonant tone -> leap to consonant tone
What is a double passing tone? Same as a passing tone but more than a third
What is a recovery? a step in the opposite direction of the leap (like in an appoggiatura)
What are "metric" chord tones have to do with rhythm instead of pitch like the other non-chord tones
What is anticipation? Ant. playing a note from a subsequent chord before you're supposed to
What do suspension and retardation have in common? They are both hanging onto a note from the previous chord "too long." Anything where you're delaying resolution
How are suspension and retardation different? Sus. resolves down and ret. resolves up
What is pedal point (pedal tone)? constant tone that goes under other voices (typically bass). other voices could go through a whole chord progression. pedal tone goes from consonant->dissonant->consonant. can be tied or played repeatedly. Only applies if it's not part of all the chords
What does rearticulated mean with suspension & retardation? The note from the previous chord is struck again with the new chord, not just tied
What makes a tone accented? depends on it it's a strong or weak beat OR if it's held for long enough that it still pulls your attention to it
What is the people's key? C major
What is the devil's interval? Augmented fourth
Where do the fiendish five come from? Commandments of voice leading. Guidelines based on typical practices from the era of music we're studying.
What is the first commandment? avoid parallel fifths, octaves, & unisons. (two parts sing the same interval from chord to chord)
What is the exception to the first commandment? One of the fifths is not perfect
What is the second commandment? avoid fifths or octaves by contrary motion (because it's too strong) Ex: starting in a 5 or 8 -> jump in opposite directions and end in 5 or 8
What is the exception to the second commandment? at a cadence
What is the third commandment? avoid direct fifths or octaves ("hidden" fifths or octaves)
What is a hidden fifth or octave? soprano leaps, bass moves in same direction, and the goal/resultant interval is a perfect fifth or octave
What is the fourth commandment? must use accidental to raise leading tone in minor keys. no v or VII
What is the fifth commandment? always resolve tendency tones (^7 & chordal 7ths)
What do the types of motion do? describe how voices move from chord to chord
What is static motion? no voice is moving up or down (there's still rhythm tho obvi)
What is parallel motion? both voices move in same direction & interval class (quality may change)
What is contrary motion? One voice moves up, and the other moves down. Both change pitch.
One type of motion is one of the best ways to avoid voice leading no nos? contrary motion
What is oblique motion? one voice restates the same pitch while the other voice moves up and/or down
Which type of motion is super common when you see pedal point? oblique motion
What is similar motion? both voices move in the same direction BUT intervals are different classes (unlike parallel motion)
What is texture in music? texture is the way harmonies, melodies, rhythms, and timbre relate to create the overall effect of a piece of music.
What are the four common types of texture? monophony, polyphony, homophony, heterophony
What was Micah's nickname in middle school? Flamboyant jazz
What is monophonic texture? only a single melody line.
What is unison? more than one musician playing the same melody together
What is polyphonic texture? two or more independent melody lines. more than one main idea.
What is homophonic texture? texture consists of a primary melody line with accompaniment. various accompaniment types possible
What is homorhythmic accompaniment? accompaniment has the same basic rhythm as the melody. slight variation is okay (like passing tones)
What is chorale texture? another word for homorhythmic accompaniment
What is blocked chord accompaniment? "blocked chords." state notes of each chord simultaneously using a repeated rhythmic pattern
Where is blocked chord accompaniment common? waltzes, polkas, pop music
What is arpeggiated accompaniment? chord tones played one after the other
What is the opposite of blocked chord accompaniment? arpeggiated accompaniment
What is alberty bass? low->high->middle->high - type of arpeggiation
What is broken chord style? type of arpeggiation - low->high or high->low
What is heterophonic texture? multiple performers singing/playing the same (or subtly different) melody at once, but adding personal variations
Where is heterophony common and not common? Music from India and Africa. Some types of Jazz. Not super common in Western music.
What is another term for secondary harmony? borrowed harmony
What is secondary harmony? chords from closely related keys appearing
How did secondary harmony start? one occassional chord enhancing the original key
What is secondary harmony used for? prep for a key change, mix things up, emphasize parts of the key we're in, elongate progression, step briefly into another key area
How does secondary harmony emphasize a part of the key we're in? Example: chords from dominant chord's key signature emphasize the dominant chord. This makes the shift back to tonic more profound.
What does modulate mean? change keys
What is a pivot chord? one chord and boom you're in a new key
What is direct modulation? key changes with no warning
What is a clue of secondary harmony? accidentals
What are closely related keys? directly next to each other on the circle of fifths
Why isn't secondary harmony used with keys that aren't closely related? The further apart on the circle of fifths, the less notes in common, and the harder it is to sneak in harmony
What is secondary dominance? dominant chords from a secondary area of harmony
What is the difference between 18th century and contemporary music regarding secondary harmony? Music now is tonally ambiguous, but music then was very key specific. So secondary harmony isn't used as much or isn't as big a deal now.
What does V/V mean? secondary dominance. First V is the chord, second V is the key. C: V/V = V chord of G key signature (D chord). It always has you adding a leading tone.
What is usually on the left side of this - ?/? V or vii
What is usually on the righ side of this - ?/? whatever part of key you're trying to emphasize
Cadential extension?? changes cadence from 2 chords to 3 chords. multiple types
What is a cadential 64? Just a I 64 but not labeled as such and not actually
What does the cadential 64 enhance? V chord. The cadential 64 is part of dominant function. I 64 is the most unstable version of I. 5^ is in bass (enhancing V)
How to label cadential 64? C64, Cad64, V64----53
Does a cadential 64 have to be part of a perfect authentic cadence? no
ostinato continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm
hemiola 3:2 back and forth rhythmic thing. in 3 or 2 but all of a sudden playing like it's in the other one. can go either way.
passing 6/4 usually a tonicization. For example, I -> 6/4 -> I
arpeggiated 6/4 one chord, 6/4 is created by changing in bass
pedal 6/4 common in plagal cadences
sequence play same little melody piece, but up or down a step or leap
Created by: mortehay000
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