In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: What is Alveolar Dead ?Answer: w/o perfusion Question: What is the #1 dead disease?Answer: Pulmonary (blood clot) Question: What is an Shunt?Answer: Anatomic channel that bypasses the pulmonary capillary bed & empties venous blood into the L Atrium. (Ex: Thebesian, Broncial, Pulmonary, & veins) Question: What is a capillary caused by? Answer: Atelectasis & Fluid Question: Anatomic Dead spaceAnswer: Conducting . Ideal body weight x 1 = approx dead space. Question: Explain Alveolar Dead Answer: Non-perfused alveoli - alveoli that aren't receiving blood flow. Question: Explain Dead spaceAnswer: Anatomic + dead space (Vd/Vt) Question: What is FVC?Answer: Forced Vital Capacity; inhale followed by maximum exhale. Ideal Body Weight x 6 = FVC Question: What is the BOHR ?Answer: PaCO2 - / PaCO2 = Vd/Vt Question: What is the Vd/Vt range?Answer: .20 - .40 Question: If the between PaCO2 & PeCO2 is greater than 20, then ...Answer: Lots of dead . (#1 cause is pulmonary emboli) Question: There is a correlation between respiratory rate & ...Answer: Vd/Vt Question: , shallow breathing =Answer: in Vd/Vt Question: What is the major muscle of ?Answer: Diaphragm. (R & L ) Question: What innervates the diaphragm?Answer: Phrenic Question: What are the accessory of inspiration?Answer: , sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, & trapezius Question: What are the accessory of expiration?Answer: Rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, internal Question: What is IRV?Answer: Reserve Volume. Maximum breath in on top of tidal volume (Vt). Question: What is ERV?Answer: Expiratory Reserve . Maximum breath out from bottom of tidal volume (Vt). Question: What is RV?Answer: Residual Volume. Gas remaining in lungs following a expiratory effort. Question: What is TLC?Answer: Total Lung . Sum of all lung volumes. Question: What is VC?Answer: Vital Capacity. Vt + IRV + ERV. inspiration follwed by maximum expiration. 70ml/kg. Question: What is IC?Answer: Inspiratory Capacity. Vt + Question: What is FRC?Answer: Functional Residual Capacity. RV + ERV. Volume of gas in the following a passive expiration. Question: Low lung diseasesAnswer: Pneumonia, Edema Question: Low compliance caused by:Answer: Kyphoscoliosis, Ascites, Obesity Question: What is Compliance?Answer: Used to compare & children Question: What is normal Specific ?Answer: 0.080 L/cmH2O/L Question: What is ?Answer: Opposite of = how easy air is pushed out. Question: What is normal ?Answer: /L Question: Low values of indicate:Answer: Emphysema Question: Explain tetheringAnswer: The more alveoli in contact w/ airways, the less likely they are to collapse. Question: What is ?Answer: Dipalmityl Lecithin - a phospholipid that dramatically reduces alveolar surface ; keeps alveoli from collapsing. Question: What is surfactant by?Answer: Type II Question: What is 's Law?Answer: P=4ST/r (P=pressure, ST=surface , r=radius) Question: If tension goes up, then ...Answer: Pressure goes Question: If goes up, then ...Answer: Pressure goes Question: Surface Tension & Pressure are ...Answer: proportional Question: If Surface Tension goes up, then Pressure ...Answer: Goes Question: If Surface goes down, then Distending Pressure ...Answer: Goes Question: Small radius = ____ distending pressureAnswer: Question: Large radius = ____ distending pressureAnswer: Question: causes of Surfactant DeficiencyAnswer: Acidosis, hypoxia, hyperoxia(high FiO2), atelectasis, Question: causes of Surfactant DeficiancyAnswer: ARDS, IRDS, pulmonary edema, drowning, oxygen Question: A horizontal reflection on a compliance curve ...Answer: Low compliance; V for lots of P. Question: A vertical reflection on a compliance curve ...Answer: High compliance; lots of V for P. Question: A horizontal = Answer: Low lung . Question: Causes of low lung Answer: Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis(silicosis), Question: A curve =Answer: High lung . Question: Too much lung can cause ...Answer: (due to low elastance) Question: allow Peak to hit ...Answer: Question: Never Plat to hit ...Answer: 30 - or die & Sarah McLachlan cries. Question: Airway Resistance Answer: 1-2 /L/sec Question: High value of Raw :Answer: , Chronic Bronchitis Question: Raw :Answer: Peak - Plat / Question: C stat :Answer: Vt / Plat - Question: C dyn :Answer: Vt / Peak - Question: Es (Elastic ) equation:Answer: Plat - Peep / Question: Ed (Elastic dynamic) :Answer: Peak - Peep / Question: What is ?Answer: Ease of flow - of Raw. Question: Normal Answer: 0.5 - 1.5 L/sec/cmH2O Question: Low values of indicate:Answer: , Chronic Bronchitis Question: What is ?Answer: Chest wall resistance; impedance to motion caused by the thorax & abdomen. Question: Chest wall resistance is approximately __% of in healthy adults.Answer: 20 Question: What is resistance?Answer: Impedance to movement of gas through the Question: Airway resistance is __% of breathing resistance in healthy adults.Answer: Question: What are some resistance ?Answer: Bronchospasm, secretions, edema, low elastance, artificial airway(ET & Trach tubes) Question: WOB :Answer: Diameter x Question: Poiseuille's Answer: Flow ~ P x r(to the 4th ) Addresses laminar flow, occurs in the small airways <2mm in diameter. WOB increases when Diameter decreases. Question: Reynold's Answer: 2rvd / n. # >2000 turbulent flow. Question: Indications for use of low gases:Answer: Stridor, croup(post extubation), foreign body aspiration, airway masses Question: What is the of low density gases?Answer: To decrease turbulence & Question: Define Time Answer: The time required for a lung unit to approx. 65% of a tidal volume of breath Question: Time Constant Answer: Kt = Cl x Question: What is the Time Constant?Answer: .2 seconds Question: Long Time indicate:Answer: 2.0 sec = , bronchitis; 4.0 sec = emphysema Question: Short Time constant :Answer: 0.1 sec = Pneumonia, IRDS, ARDS, pulmonary edema Question: Time Constant =Answer: Short amount of time to O2 from the lungs Question: Long Time = Answer: Long amount of time to O2 from the lungs Question: What is the Compliance equation?Answer: Cl / FRC. (Lung / Functional Residual Capacity) |
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