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FINALS F&E Fill In The Blanks

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In each blank, try to type in the word that is missing. If you've typed in the correct word, the blank will turn green.

If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed.

When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on.
Question: is for the reduction of urine productionAnswer: hormone
Question: is released in response to decreased blood flow or decreased renal pressure and is sensed by receptors in the Answer: renin
Question: is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stimulation by angiotensin II causing the tubules to excrete K+ while retaining Na2+, adding to the reabsorption of water back into the vascular Answer:
Question: body loses both water and from the EFCAnswer: hypovolemia
Question: water is lost from the body, but there is no loss of Answer:
Question: what are 3 risk for dehydration?Answer: hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, and enteral feeding without sufficient intake
Question: what are 6 risk for hypovolemia?Answer: GI losses, skin losses, renal losses. third spacing (burns, ascites, obstruction), , and altered intake
Question: hgb and hct are ____ during hypovolemiaAnswer:
Question: hgb and hct are ____ during dehydrationAnswer:
Question: serum osmolarity, sp. gravity, serum sodium are all ___ dehydrationAnswer:
Question: common vital signs for hypovolemia and are:Answer: hyperthermia, tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, < central venous
Question: occurs when both and sodium are retained in abnormally high proportionsAnswer:
Question: when more water is gained than electrolytesAnswer: overhydration
Question: risk for overhydrationAnswer: water replacement without electrolyte replacement such as strenuous exercise with profuse
Question: risk for hypervolemiaAnswer: chronic stimulus to the kidney (heart failure, cirrhosis, glucocorticosteriods), abn renal function, fluid shifts (burns, hypertonic fluids), age-related , excessive sodium intake
Question: hgb and hct are ___ with Answer: LOW
Question: serum osmolarity and serum sodium are ___ with Answer: LOW
Question: electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine are ___ with Answer: HIGH
Question: what are signs for overhydration and hypervolemia?Answer: , bounding pulse, HTN, tachypnea, > central venous pressure
Question: what position is best for pt with or hypervolemia?Answer: semi-fowler's
Question: pt with edema should be in what position?Answer: 's
Question: a pt with shock should be placed in what position?Answer: on back with legs
Question: major electrolyte found in Answer:
Question: essential for the maintance of acid-base balance, active and passive transport mechanisms, and maintaining irritability and of nerve and muscle tissueAnswer: sodium
Question: normal sodium Answer: 135-145
Question: is the cation in ICFAnswer:
Question: plays vital role in cell metabolism, of nerve impulses, functioning cardiac, lung, and muscle tissues, and acid-base balanceAnswer:
Question: ___ has reciprocal with sodiumAnswer:
Question: normal potassium Answer: 3.5-5
Question: normal valuesAnswer: 8.5-10.5
Question: normal valuesAnswer: 1.3-2.1
Question: is a gain of water or the loss of sodium-rich Answer:
Question: and slows the depolarization of membranesAnswer:
Question: moves from ECF into the ICFAnswer:
Question: risk factors for Answer: abn GI losses, renal losses, skin losses, > or ECF volume, edematous state (heart failure, cirrhosis), excessive hypotonic IV, age-related factors
Question: signs of hyponatremiaAnswer: , tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
Question: is a serious electrolyte inbalance and can cause significant neurological, endocrine, and cardiac Answer:
Question: are dehydrated with ___Answer:
Question: risk factors for Answer: water deprivation, Na intake, excessive Na retention, fluid losses, age-related changes
Question: signs of hypernatremiaAnswer: , tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
Question: is the result of increased loss of K from the body ot of K into the cellsAnswer: hypokalemia
Question: risk factors for Answer: < K thru GI losses, renal losses, skin losses, <intake, ICF shift, age-related
Question: with hypokalemia the body is in a ____ stateAnswer: state
Question: vital for hypokalemiaAnswer: , weak irregular pulse, hypotension, resp distress
Question: NEVER PUSH ____ IVAnswer:
Question: phlebitisAnswer: irritant
Question: is the of > intake of K, movement of K out of the cells, or inadequate renal excretionAnswer: hyperkalemia
Question: risk for hyperkalemiaAnswer: ECF shift (< insulin, acidosis, fever, surgery, sepsis), < excretion (renal failure, dehydration, NSAIDS), age-related
Question: with hyperkalemia the body is in a ____ stateAnswer:
Question: vital for hyperkalemiaAnswer: slow, pulse, hypotension
Question: with potassiumAnswer: avocado, broccoli, dairy, dried , cantaloupe, bananas
Question: risk factors for Answer: malaborption (chrons ), end-stage renal disease, post thyroidectomy
Question: + chvostek's sign and + 's signAnswer: hypocalcemia and
Question: vital signs for Answer: < rate, hypotension, dysrhythemia
Question: what food has high calcium and ?Answer: dairy and dark green
Question: risk for hypomagnesmiaAnswer: malnutrition, alcohol
Question: greater concentration of H+ ions the more ____ the body fluids are with a ___ pHAnswer: , LOW
Question: lesser concentration of H+ ions the more ____ the body fluids are with a ___ pHAnswer: , HIGHER
Question: occurs when the body attempts to correct changes and imbalances in pH Answer: compensation
Question: occurs when pH returns to Answer: full
Question: pH is not able to Answer: partial
Question: risk factors for acidosisAnswer: resp. depression, inadequate chest expansion, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary blockage, inadequate ventilation
Question: risk factors for alkalosisAnswer: hyperventilation and
Question: risk for metabolic acidosisAnswer: excess production of H+ (DKA, stravation, heavy exercise, seizures, fever, hypoxia), inadequate elimination of H+ions (renal failure), production of bicarb (renal failure, pancreatitis, liver failure, dehyration), and excess elim of bicarb
Question: risk for metabolic alkalosisAnswer: base excess, acid def (loss of GI from vomiting or suction and K+ depletion due to diuetics, laxatives, cushings syndrome)
Question: vital signs and cardiovascular for resp Answer: and tachypnea, dysrthmias
Question: vital signs and cardiovascular for resp Answer: , palpitations, chest pain, dysrhytmias
Question: vital signs and for metabolic acidosisAnswer: bradycardia, tachypnea, , dysrhymias
Question: vital signs and cardiovascular for alkalosisAnswer: , hypotension,dysrhytmias
Question: what are common s/s for resp alkalosisAnswer: and convulsions
Question: what are common neurological s/s for alkalosisAnswer: and muscle weakness
Question: impaired gas exchange or breathing patternAnswer: respiratory /alkalosis
Question: decreased cardiac OP related to Answer: acidosis/alkalosis
Question: what is a med that puts older adults at risk for ?Answer: (prinivil)
Question: normal ionized Ca Answer: 4.5-5.5
Question: normal bicarb (HCO3-) Answer: 22-26
Question: CO2 valuesAnswer: 35-45
Question: normal base (blood ) that existsAnswer: + or -
Question: normal range for Answer: 80-100
Question: normal O2 Answer: 95-100%
Question: Chloride valuesAnswer: 95-105
Question: normal Magnesium Answer: 1.5-2.5
Question: Phosphate (PO43-)Answer: 2.8-4.5
Question: normal osmolality valuesAnswer: 275-295
Question: movement of solvent across semipermeable membrane from an area of concentration to an area of HIGHER concentrationAnswer:
Question: membrane allows solvent in, but not the solute so there is a shiftAnswer: osmosis
Question: movement of solute in a solution across semipermeable membrane from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of concentrationAnswer:
Question: during diffusion, what the movement?Answer: size, concentration, and temp of
Question: process by which and diffusible substances move together across a membrane in repsonse to fluid pressure, and area of HIGHER pressure to an area of LOWER pressureAnswer: filtration
Question: of filtration?Answer: edema
Question: requires metabolic activity and expenditure of to move substances across cell membranesAnswer: active
Question: adult fluid intakeAnswer: 2200-2700 mL
Question: where is the antidiuretic hormone ?Answer: posterior gland
Question: when is the hormone released?Answer: response to changes in osmolarity
Question: makes renal and collecting ducts more permeable to H2OAnswer: antidiuretic
Question: what initiates the -sngiotensin-aldosterone mechanism?Answer: perfusion
Question: enzyme that responds to decrease renal perfusion secondary to decrease ECF volumeAnswer: renin
Question: what produces I?Answer: renin
Question: what when angiotension I turns into angiotension II?Answer: vasoconstriction of vessels and relocates and increases blood flow to kidneys to improve perfusion
Question: what aldosterone and why?Answer: adrenal cortex in to increase plasma K+ levels ot when helping counteract hypovolema
Question: helps vascular tone?Answer: atrial natriuretic
Question: where and why is atrial peptide secreted?Answer: from atrial cells of heart in response to atrial stretching and an in circulating blood vloume
Question: average adult fluid loss Answer: 2200-2700
Question: are most fluids lost?Answer: kidneys (then , skin, GI)
Question: essential for enzyme activities, activites, and cardiac and skeletal musclesAnswer: magnesium
Question: where is 50-60% of Mg ?Answer:
Question: nescessary for glycogen deposits in liver and muscles, transmission and conduction of impulsesAnswer: potassium
Question: substance or group of substances that can absorb or release H+ to correct acid-base Answer:
Question: by lungsAnswer:
Question: regulated by Answer: HCO3
Question: normal pH Answer: 7.35-7.45
Question: what are the 3 acid-base ?Answer: chemical, biological, and physiological
Question: largest chemical in ECFAnswer: carbonic acid and buffer system
Question: when CO2 ___ increasesAnswer: H+
Question: when H+ ions increase ____ increaseesAnswer:
Question: what are 2 regulators?Answer: lungs and
Question: pH is ____ during hyperventalationAnswer: <
Question: pH is ____ during hypoventalationAnswer: >
Question: when bicarb is < 22 _____Answer: acidosis
Question: when bicard is > 26 _____Answer: alkalosis
Question: metabolic ALKALOSIS takes place when pH _____, PaCO2 ______, PaO2 ______, O2 sats _______, HCO3- ____,ionized Ca _____, and K+ _____Answer: pH- >7.45-----------PaCO2- norm or >45---------PaO2-norm----------O2 sats-norm------------HCO3---->26-------ionized Ca+----<4.5------------K+- <3.5
Question: metabolic ACIDOSIS takes place when pH _____, PaCO2 _____, PaO2 _____, O2 sats _____, HCO3 _____, K+ ______Answer: pH- <7.35--------PaCO2- norm or <35------PaO2- norm--------O2 sats- norm-----HCO3- <22------K+- >5
Question: respiratory ALKALOSIS takes place when pH _____, PaCo2 ____, PaO2 ____, O2 sats ____, HCO3- _____, ionized Ca+ ______, K+ _____Answer: pH- >7.45------PaCO2- <35-----PaO2-norm-----O2 sats- norm------HCO3- <22----ion Ca+- <4.5-----K+- <3.5
Question: respiratory ACIDOSIS takes place when pH _____, PaCO2 _____, PaO2 ____, O2 sats ____, HCO3- ____, K+ _____Answer: pH- <7.35------PaCO2- >45--------O2 PaO2- norm or <80----sats- norm or <95%-------HCO3- norm or >26-----K+- >5.0
Question: holds in ___Answer: Na (sodium)
Question: polydipsiaAnswer: excessive (ex:DM)
Question: that prevents from going to BRAnswer: antidiuretic
Question: diabetes Answer: go, go, go prob with hormone
Question: disorder that in too much fluid b/c if inappropriate amount of antidiruetic hormoneAnswer: SIADH (syndrome of ADH)
 
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