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FACT: the nurse should assess for dependent edema in the lower extremities such as the ankles in the ambulatory patient or the sacrum in the w/c patientFACT: in acute venous insufficiency blood flow doesnt have an oportunity to develop FACT: The pH of arterial blood is 7.35 - 7.45FACT: pulse deficit is the between the apical pulse and the peripheral pulse (such as the radial pulse) FACT: During heparin therapy, the pateint shoudl receive tylenol not aspirin for FACT: in chronic venous insufficiency collateral blood flow develops to the area FACT: a milliequivelent (mEq) is the nunit of measurement used to describe the chemical activity of electrolytes - mEq is the number of milligrams per 100 milliliters of a FACT: pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. For example if pressure is 120/80 the pulse pressure is 40 mm/hg FACT: the should weigh the patient at the same time every day using the same scale and with the patient wearing the same type of clothingFACT: engaging in strenuous activity a patient with angina pectoris should take a nitroglycerin tablet FACT: a pteint with orthopnea must sit or to breathe deeply or comfortablyFACT: a positiv sign is a sign of DVT FACT: before protamine sulfate as an antidote for heparin overdose the nurse should verify that the patient doesn't have an allergy to fishFACT: patients with heart failure should avoid canned or foods, which are high in sodium FACT: during lasix therapy the patient is at risk for potassium loss which can lead to FACT: in a dark skinned pateint the nurse assess for petechiae on teh oral mucosa rather than on the skin FACT: a with heart failue should avoid canned or processed foods which are high in sodiumFACT: in a dark skinned pt the nurse should assess for petechiae on the oral rather than on the skin FACT: biological death with the irreversible destruction and of brain tissueFACT: a tilt table allows gradual movment from horizontal to a vertical FACT: using a tilt table allows the pt body to compensate for position FACT: stable angina is characterized by substernal pain thats caused by myocardial ischemia and lasts 2-3 min FACT: angina that lasts for more than 20 minutes and isnt relieved by ntg indicates a developing infarctionFACT: the results of ntg test are if ntg adminstration relieves angina FACT: for a patient with pectoris the goal of treatment is to reduce the hearts workloadFACT: ntg causes genralized vasodilation which promotes blood flow to the heart FACT: the nurse should teach a patient who has angina and is receiving sublingual ntg to place a under the tongue at the first sign of chest painFACT: the patient may repoeat the ntg dosage every 5 to 15 for maximum of 3 tablets FACT: if hcest pain peresists for longer than 15 minutes the pt should be instructed to go to the health care facilityFACT: to administer subcutaneous heparin the nurse should insert the needle into the skin at a 45 angle FACT: for the post op patient who is at risk for deep veing thrombosis, heparin or Lovenox is usually FACT: oral anticoagulants such as warfarin to prevent formation FACT: cant dissolve a throumbus that has already formedFACT: anticoagulant therapy is in patients who has severe diabetes liver or kidney disease or ulcers FACT: to assess a pt for thrombophlebitis the nurse should compare the measurements of the affected and limbs every dayFACT: ntg tablets are considered expired 5 to 6 months after the bottle is FACT: signs of a pacemaker failure include dizziness, fainting palpitations and chest painFACT: before getting the pt out of bed for the time after surgery, the nurse should have the pt dangle his legs over the edge of the bed FACT: a pacemaker surgical or orthopedic clips or shrapnel will interfere with the results of a magnetic resonance imaging FACT: the optimal schedule for an around the clock antibiotic is 6 am 12 pm 6pm and 12am FACT: a pt who has angina experiences pain at restFACT: atelectasiss typically occurs 24 to 48 after surgery FACT: in dark skinned persons skin color changes can best be seen in areas of less pigmentation such as lips, membranes ear lobes palms and solesFACT: range for digoxin is 0.5 to 2 mg/ml FACT: a pt who is anticoagulants as an outpatient should be instructed to call the physician if he has black tarry fecesFACT: the nurse should monitor the partial thromboplastin time of the who is recieving heparin FACT: to determine whether a patient has a pulse deficit one nurse should measure the apical pulse while a second measures the radial pulse at the same time using the same watchFACT: before contrast is injected the nurse should tell the pt to expect a transient burning sensation and a metallic taste in his mouth FACT: the most way to identify a pt is to check his id braceletFACT: the nurse should being d/c when the pt is admitted FACT: dangling the pt legs before getting him out of bed helps prevnent pooling of blood and orthostatic FACT: green leafy veggies are good of Magnesium FACT: sodium is the cation in extracellular fluidFACT: hemoglobin is an carrying pigment in red blood cells FACT: breath sounds are called adventitiousFACT: the most common cause of pulmonary edema is left heart failure FACT: the most common cause of pulmonary edema is left sided failureFACT: diuretic use is the leading cause of deficit FACT: potassium is the major cation in intracellular FACT: the SA node is the 's pacemaker FACT: the T wave represents repolarization of the FACT: after a diagnostic study in which the femoral site is used, the patient must lie flat for 8 FACT: when caring for a patient who has undergone a cardiac catheterization the nurse must report a rapid or irregular pulse FACT: yellowing of vision is a symptom of toxicity FACT: digoxin causes a slower stronger heartbeat and allows the heart to rest between FACT: a bounding pulse indicates excess volume FACT: muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia are in patients with hypokalemia or hyperkalemiaFACT: a bruit or rushing sound heard with a stethoscope over the gland indicates a hypermetabolic state FACT: to energy in a patient who is in a weakened state the nurse may need to alternate care procdedures with rest periodsFACT: a decreased vitamin K level causes a prolonged FACT: the pt with serum K level of less than 3mEq/L potassium replacement therapyFACT: about 85% of arterial emboli originate from in the heart chambers FACT: when for pt with an embolus in an arm or leg the nurse should keep the affected part at or below the horizontal planeFACT: during the early stage of , the pt blood pressure may be nromal but the resp. and HR increase FACT: cool pale skin as is seen during shock results from diversion of blood from the skin to major organsFACT: to assess cap refill the nurse applies pressure over the nailbed until blanching occurs quickly releases the pressure and how quickly the blanching fades FACT: the nurse should suspect in the patient with homan's signFACT: are tiny round red purplish spots that may appear on the skin and mucous membranes FACT: the antidote for heparin is protamine sulfateFACT: the antidote for overdose is vitamin K FACT: all pts than age 65 should be assessed for aneurysm because of the normal vascular changes that accompany agingFACT: Raynaud's is characterized by recurrent inflammation of the intermediate small veins of the extremities FACT: As raynaud's disease the pt may have ulcers and superficial gangrene of the handsFACT: ascites is fluid in the peritoneal cavity FACT: a pulse is fine and scarcely perceptibleFACT: when taking a pt radial pulse the nurse should its rate rhythm quality and force FACT: to obtain an accurate flood pressure raeding the nurse should pump the bulb until the mercury column or aneroid dial reaches 20-30mm Hg before the point at which the pulse disappears or the pts baseline systolic pressureFACT: the nurse shouldnt massage a leg with a clot because this could dislodge the clot FACT: mydriatic dilate the pupilsFACT: drugs constrict the pupils FACT: when placing a ntg on a pt the nurse should avoid touching the medicated disc and should wash her hands after application however gloves aren't requiredFACT: the nurse should count an irregular pulse for 1 full FACT: a pt who has MV stenosis typically has signs and symptoms associated with improper emptying of the left and subsequent pulmonary congestionFACT: MV stenosis usually arises as a complication of fever FACT: atelectasis is an abnormal condition thats characterized by the collapse of the lung tissue and incomplete expansion of lobules or a lung FACT: to perform a CPR the nurse should place the vicitim on a flat and surface FACT: for the pt with heart failure decreasing the workload of the heart is one of the most important goalsFACT: antiembolism stockings provide gradual compression of the superficial blood vessels helping to prevent thrombus FACT: a pt who no longer requires bed rest after a femoral politeal bypass graft should be to walk and standFACT: the nurse should give hydroxide separately and at least 1 hour before or after the administration of enteric coated medications FACT: acid base balance is the body's ion concentrationFACT: buffers are substances in teh blood that prevent body fluid from becoming overly or alkaline FACT: metabolic acidosis results from excessive loss of bicarbonate or excessive production or of acidFACT: nausea vominting restlessness and twitching are signs of disequilibrium syndrome caused by fluid shift FACT: early signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis polyuria polyphagia faigue malaise drowsiness headache and abdominal painFACT: prothrombin is a clotting factor produced by the liver FACT: the pt is usually the best of health history informationFACT: the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are by the ANS FACT: to guard against a charge of malpractice the should provide care in a reasonable and prudent mannerFACT: crackles indicate lung caused by fluid or pus FACT: wheezing is an abnormal high pitched breath that indicates obstruction or closure of the bronchiFACT: when caring for a pt with failure the nurse should elevate the head of the bed FACT: after chest surgery the nurse should encourage the pt to the arm on the affected side above the head frequentlyFACT: in a pt who is receiving digoxin a below normal serum K level increases the risk of toxicity FACT: a silent MI causes no FACT: adverse effects of verapamil include dizziness headache constipation hypotension and AV condction FACT: foods high in D include fortified milk fish liver liver oil and egg yolkFACT: bread and cereal are good sources of thiamine iron niacin and FACT: central cyanosis is the most sign of hypoxiaFACT: when taking BP the nurse should support the pts arm rather than letting the pt use his own to hold the arm up FACT: nonmodifiable risk factors for coronary disease include heredity, sex, race, and ageFACT: foods that are high in sodium can cause retention FACT: when prioritizing nursing diagnosis the nurse houdl give life-threatening problems top FACT: spinal shock is loss of all spinal reflexes and sensations the level of injury after spinal cord transection FACT: in R sided cardiac cath, a radiopaque catheter passes through the antecubital or femoral vein and into the pts atrium right ventricle and pulmonary vasculatureFACT: in a stroke, blood vessels in the brain are blocked by an embolus or a hemmorrahge. As a result supply is decrased to brain tissues that are nromally perfused by damaged vessels FACT: the nurse shouldn't atropoine to a pt who has glaucomaFACT: smooth muslces are by the ANS FACT: Inderal blocks sympathetic stimulation that increases the cardiac workload during exercise or stressFACT: ECG changes usually during the first 24 hours after a myocardial infarction but in some cases they are delayed 5 to 6 days FACT: cottage cheese fish canned beans chuck chocolate pudding Italian salad dressing dill pickles and beef broth are extremely high in sodiumFACT: prunes watermelons dired lima beans soybeans bananas nectarines and cantelopes are high in potassium FACT: pulmonary congestion may lead to of fluid throughout the bodyFACT: the should use the bell of the stethoscope to listen for venous hums and murmurs FACT: the serum Ca level is 4.5 to 5.5 mEq/LFACT: the normal sodium level is 135 - 145 MEq/L FACT: the normal serum level is 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/LFACT: lactated ringers solution is an isotonic FACT: a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L hyponatremiaFACT: one unti of blood is FACT: heparin is the drug of choice to treat thrombembolitic FACT: the surgeon can use a emoblectomy catheter to extract an embolus from a large artery FACT: blockage of a large by an embolus is a life threatening emergency that requires immediate surgeryFACT: acute iliofemoral veous thrombosis causes limb enlargement It can be by measuring the affected part and comparing it with the opposite extremity FACT: the ares that the greatest damage from arteriosclerosis are the brain heart GI tract kidneys and extremitiesFACT: is an anticoagulant FACT: foods that are high in iron include organ meats such as liver, nuts, legumes, dired fruits, eggs, whole grains, fortified cereals, and leafy veggiesFACT: the best of vitamin B6 are liver kidney muslce meats soybeans corn and whole grain cereals FACT: signs of arterial obstruction cuased by an embolism inlcude pulse anesthesia paralysis and pale cool skinFACT: the heart has 4 valves tricuspid, , pulmonic and aortic FACT: heparin incactivates thromboplastin and FACT: the of essential hypertension is unknown FACT: administration of reduces portal pressure and decreases the risk of bleeding from esophageal varicesFACT: the most common vascular complication of mellitus is atherosclerosis FACT: the PMI is located at the intercostal space near the apex of the heartFACT: the first heart sound represents closure of the and tricuspid valves FACT: the heart sound represents clousre of the aortic and pulmonic valvesFACT: the coronary supplies blood to the myocardium FACT: the nurse should instruct a pt who is a low salt diet to avoid canned veggiesFACT: a pt who is Lasix should eat bananas and citrus fruits becasue they are a good source of K FACT: dyspnea is a sign of left ventricle failureFACT: if the pt BP rises 30 mm Hg the baseline value the nurse should notify the physician FACT: after cardiac surgery the pt should follow a diet that 2gm of sodium and 300 mg of cholestrol dailyFACT: the play a major role in maintaining the bodys fluid balance FACT: orange juice and green veggies are good sources of folic acidFACT: sodium regulates extracellular FACT: in the early stage of shock, teh heart and brain maintain blood FACT: a trauma pt who has received multiple blood transfusions is at risk for and hypothermia FACT: Lidocaine is the drug of to treat PVCsFACT: the ventricles usually sustain the greateast damage during FACT: MI pain occurs when anorexia causes myocardial ischemiaFACT: the pt with diabetic ketoacidosis is at risk for FACT: the pt with DM is to atherosclerosisFACT: tetany may result from FACT: alcohol with the absorption of vitamin B 12 in the GI tractFACT: K is the most abundant in intracellular fluid FACT: hypovolemia occurs when 15-25% of the bodys total blood volume is FACT: CPR shouldnt be interrupted the rescuer is alone and must stop to get help FACT: in balloon angioplasty a small balloon tipped catheter is inflated inside an artery to exert pressure against a and flatten itFACT: a clear liquid diet of clear fluids and foods that become liquid at body temperature FACT: a full liquid diet consist of simple easily digested foods this diet provides fluids and calories but may be in folic acid iron Vitamin B 6 and fiberFACT: a pureed diet supplies all of the patients nutritional FACT: a soft diet includes semisolid foods and is supplemented with between meal snacksFACT: a mechanical soft diet is used for the pt who has chewing or tolerating a reg diet FACT: the pt who requires no modifications can recieve a regular dietFACT: a bland diet doesnt include foods that cause gastric irritation or excess acid secretions they provide a neutralizing effect FACT: acidosis may occur in conditions such as drug overdose, guillain Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and COPDFACT: respiratory alkalosis may occur in such conditions as high fever, servere hypoxia, asthma, and embolism FACT: metabolic acidosis may result from renal failure, diarrhea, diabetic ketosis, or ketosisFACT: metabolic alkalosis may result from nasal and suctioning, excessive diuretic use, or steroid therapy FACT: during cardiac catheterization the pt may experience a thudding sensation in the chest as a result of maniupulation of the FACT: signs of acute rheumatic fecer include chorea, fever, carditis, migratory polyarthritis, skin rash and subcutaneous FACT: A pt how has a rheumatic fever should take prophylactic antibiotic s before undergoing dental or invasive proceduresFACT: after an MI most pts are permitted to resume sexual activity when they can 2 flights of stair without fatigue or dyspnea FACT: hypercapnia is an excess of CO 2 in the FACT: hemorrhage is the most post op problem FACT: Kussmauls are the body's attemtp to blow off excess CO2FACT: green veggies are high in fiber FACT: drinking too much plain water can lead to electrolyte FACT: brain damage occurs 4 to 6 minutes after cardiopulmonary ceases FACT: metabolic acidosis results from excessive loss of Bicarb or excessive production or of acidFACT: blood is bright red flows rapidly and spurts with each heartbeat FACT: venous blood is dark red and to ooze from a woundFACT: atropine blocks the effects of FACT: the nurse should suspect respiratory in a patient whose partial pressure of CO 2 is less than 35 mm HgFACT: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decrease blood pressure by with the renin angiotensin mechanism FACT: the nromal for arterial blood oxygen saturation is 94 - 100%FACT: if a pt is receiving propranolol the nurse tell the pt not to discontinue the medication suddenly FACT: the radial artery is most commonly used for obtaing FACT: almost all external bleeding can be with direct pressure FACT: verapamil is a channel blockerFACT: when heparin subcutaneously the nurse should not aspirate FACT: the normal serum creatinine level is 0 - 200 / 24 FACT: a low fat low sodium diet includes chicken and salad FACT: pts with varicose veins may have heaviness and pain in the affected legFACT: claudication is pain on ambulation the most likely cuase is inadequate blood flow FACT: the best method to relieve the pain associated with varicose is to elevate the affected lef periodically throughout the dayFACT: stasis ulcers first appear as darkly pigmented areas and progress to skin breakdown and craters that are difficult to heal FACT: for the pt who has had vein stripping and vein surgery the MD usually orders walking hourly in the immediate post op periodFACT: caffeine can blood flow because it constricts arteries and arterioles it should be avoided by patients who have a history of venous stasis FACT: signs of adequate circulation in a leg warm toes and feet and CR < 3 secFACT: anaphylactic reaction causes hypotension and loss of consciousness FACT: a treatment for anaphylaxis is FACT: a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis is ketones which ar by products of fat metabolism fat metabolism occurs when the body cant use glucose as energy source and breaks down fat as a FACT: the best method to prevent blood clots after surgery is FACT: the pt who is taking mannitol have a catheter because the osmtoic effect of the drug causes increased urination FACT: effects associated with mannitol therapy include dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and diarrheaFACT: decreasing blood pressure increased pulse and increased respirations are signs of impending in the postoperative patient FACT: the organ that usually sustains damage from is the eyeFACT: administration of diuretics in the minimizes disruption of sleep for urination FACT: cholesterol is animal fat that attaches to the intimal layer or the arteries It enlarges to form plaque that occludes the passageway of the vessels atherosclerosisFACT: a stress ECG should be stopped if the patient has chest pain, dangerous cardiac changes or a significant incrase in blood pressure FACT: adverse effects of ntg tablets include headache, and dizzinessFACT: concentrated urine is one of the signs of dehydration FACT: tomatoe juice is high in CFACT: night blindness is with vitamin A deficiency FACT: putting antiembolism stockings on the patient the nurse should have the patient lie down with the feet elevated for 20 to 30 minutesFACT: the daily dose of is 0.125 to 0.5 mg daily FACT: a sign that heart failure is resolving is urine outputFACT: a sign or is friction rub FACT: a pt who recieves an organ must take an mmunosupressant for lifeFACT: frothy blood sputum is a sign of pulmonary edema FACT: normal venous pressure is 2 ot 8 mm Hg or 5 to 10 cm H2OFACT: a decrease in central pressure indicates a decrease in circulating fluid as is seen in renal failure FACT: If a central venous pressure is associated with an incrase in circulating fluid volume as seen in renal FACT: to ensure an accurate baseline CVP reading the zero point of the transducer must be at the level of the right FACT: CKMB is an isoenzyme of CK that's specific to the heart increases 4 ot 6 hours a MI peaks at 12 to 18 hours and returns to nromal in 3 to 4 daysFACT: a pt who survives an M I and has no cardiopathology usually requires 6 ot 12 weeks for a full recovery FACT: risk factors associated with embolism are increased blood viscocity decreased circulation, bed rest and increased blood coagulabilityFACT: dependent edema is an early sign of right sided failure FACT: If medium is used during MRI the pt may experience diuresis when the medium is flushed from his bodyFACT: (blank) |
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Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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