In each blank, try to type in the
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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: Who on hygiene and sanitation and believed strongly in continuing education?Answer: Nightingale Question: Who organized the American Red cross and was responsible for relief during the Civil War?Answer: Barton Question: Who was the who became responsible for construction of state psychiatric hospitals?Answer: Dorothea Question: Conductor of undergrown railraod who assisted Clara Barton to tend to soldiers during the Civil War.Answer: Harriet Ross Question: Born into slavery, nursed Union soldiers, worked to sanitary conditions, got food and clothing for black soldiersAnswer: Truth Question: Radical changes in nursing , reduced student work day from 10 to 8 and eliminated FREE private duty servicesAnswer: Isabel Robb Question: Created FNS Frontier Nursing Service- 1st midwifery training Answer: Mary Question: did a study which resulted in of associate degree nursing educationAnswer: Montag Question: Nursing leader and women's right activist giving women the right to vote- also a key figure in community and introduced nuring in schoolsAnswer: Lavinia Question: Early theorist who taught "a patient is a person who help toward independence"Answer: Henderson Question: America's first African NurseAnswer: Mary Question: a psychiatric nurse-
described Nurse- relationshipsAnswer: Peplau Question: America's first nurse- also key figure in development of nursing education, moved from hosp to hosp an improvement campaignAnswer: Melinda Ann (Linda) Question: opened FIRST birth clinic with her sister in BrooklynAnswer: Sanger Question: Founder of public health nursing - established a nursing service in NYCAnswer: Lillian Question: - *R*
Protestant Churches- women subordinate to men- nurse most menial of servantsAnswer: The Question: Earliest counterpart to community health nurses- worldly items were of no concern to , nurses required strict obedience, devotion, and setting aside themselvesAnswer: Order of the Question: Roman Catholic society - nurses nursed cholera pt's Mercy HospitalsAnswer: of Mercy Question: sisters that visited pt's in homes, hosp, and poorhouses and asylums. Deveoped educational for NursesAnswer: of Charity Question: Earliest organization for Men in . Raised standards of education, culture. Care of the sick was above others duties of Monk. Emphasized BathingAnswer: Monastic Question: Founded Crusades- staffed 2 hospitals in JerusalemAnswer: Military Nursing Question: *Military* *M*
MilitaryNursing Service formed, Florenece Nightingale cleaned up the hosp, orderlies scrubbed often, camp scrubbed clothes, and vermin were under controlAnswer: Crimean Question: Phiadelphia Dispensary was fomed for free pt care, homes and barns were makeshift hosp, women left during war were there to care for sick and Controlled disease and smallpox vaccination was givenAnswer: Amercan Question: Public saw the need for trained nurses, Clara , Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth tended to the soldiersAnswer: American War Question: Nursing schools were already established and Isabel Robb developed a plan for nursesAnswer: -American War and the Boer War Question: demand for nurses, Army School of Nursing - nurses needed to be unmarried and of good moral characterAnswer: World War Question: Bolton Act created the US Caet Nurse Corps. Nurses got full commission, post war- Hill Burton ActAnswer: World War Question: MASH Answer: Korean War and conflicts Question: Care focused on and victims of warAnswer: Gulf War- - Iraq Question: *Nursing Organizations
Concerns itself with social and welfare of nurses, the role of the nurse, the nursing organizations and their their gverning bodiesAnswer: ICN- Council of Nurses Question: For RN'S- Is involved in all issues that nursing has confronted with Legislation, Collective , advancement of professionAnswer: ANA- American 's Association Question: Was formed to assist collegiate schoold of nursing to improve higher education for . Answer: AACN- Association of Colleges of Nursing Question: Was to provide accrediationAnswer: CCNE- Commission on Nursing Education Question: Provides a legal regulatory bodies of all states to act re: boards, exams, licensingAnswer: NCSBN- National Council of State Boards of Question: First Nursing Organization in the US. 5 Goals- nursing education development and , faculty development, nursing ed research, data collection, assessment & evaluationAnswer: NLN- National for Nursing Question: Baccalaureate program honorary organization for exceptional Answer: Theta Tau (STTI) Question: For those who have made significant contributions to nursing- honorary part of Answer: AAN- Academy of Nursing Question: nursing organizationAnswer: NSNA- Student Nurses' Association Question: 4 Purposes to 1. speak for associate degree nursing education and practice 2. Reinforce the value of that degree 3. maintain endorsement for grads with degree, 4. retain the RN exam for assocaite degree gradsAnswer: NOADN- National Organization For The Degree Nursing Question: Organization for who design, facilitate, and manage careAnswer: AONE- American Organization of Executives Question: Purpose is to work toward uiform terminology and definitions in diagnosis, and t share these ideas. Answer: - North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Question: Misc -Answer: National Associations of , Black Nurses
American Assembly for men in nursing
NAPNES- for LPN's
American Associations of : Critical Care Nurses, PeriOperative RN's, Occupational Health Nurses, Religious Oriented Organzations and Educational Ori Question: Free or low cost screens & health Answer: services Question: Different financial situations change ins. coverage, ability to get care and what type of Answer: Rationing of care Question: Maintainance Program which are prepaid, group managed care, usually have to stay "in network of md's" Answer: HMO- Maintenance Organizations Question: Healthcare provided in defined demo area. Is to individuals and familyAnswer: based care Question: system in which the use of healthcare services are controlled and monitored there are usually for tx and is usually preapproved Answer: Care Question: used by HMO's & PPO's to keep low - usually seen as a way to deny txAnswer: Question: wearable/ monitors for medical conditionsAnswer: monitoring Question: IVD computer analysis speeds diagnosis ( blood, urine, body samples)Answer: techniques Question: wearable/ implantable insulin or glucose pumps, stentsAnswer: Drug Question: 3 types of organizationsAnswer: Primary, and Tertiary Question: with pt. is minutes to hours Answer: In and Out Care (ex- ER, visits)
Question: Provides care to pts stay is less than 24 hoursAnswer: - Stay Question: care is more than 24 hours but less than 30 Answer: Acute Question: longer than 30 days for chronic illness may be for a lifetime or recovery Answer: Long term Question: services owned by state, federal or gov't may use tax dollarsAnswer: Government Owned (ex-VA) Question: investor and operated by corp or stockholdersAnswer: Proprietary Question: Operated by universities, religious organizations, fraternal groups. All profit above that needed for maint. and operations must go to improvement and Answer: Non-Profit Question: Used to a client's condition Answer: Question: type of service that is often a special unit in a hospital usually less than 30 Answer: Sub Care Question: service that does observation, assessment, teaching and training, direct skilled nursing such as tube , vents, RN must be in charge of care Answer: Nursing Care Question: refers to care on meeting deficits of ADL's Answer: Custodial Question: provides medical, nursing, social work, spiritual support, for pts and families during a terminal Answer: Hospice Question: to restore health and function Answer: Rehab Question: Care is provided and then the patient is soon afterAnswer: Care also called outpatient care Question: care that is provided outside of a health care clinic, hosp. usually in the homeAnswer: Home Health Question: Med/ Surg, OB, ER and center plus lab servicesAnswer: General or Hospital Question: Level 1 Trauma Center, Burn , Oncology, and other levels of careAnswer: Tertiary care Question: Offers only a tyoe of care such as Psych, or Peds Answer: Specialty Question: Places offering healthcare must ne approved by the gov't , usually the Dept of Health they need this certAnswer: Governmental Question: that seek Medicare/ Medicaid funding must meet specific standards and also have many DEEMED STATUS agencies that services need this certificationAnswer: Medicare/ Certification Question: Hosp and nursing homes get this Answer: JCAHO- Joint on Accreditation of Healthcare ORganizations Question: Organization that provides voluntary accreditation. Has a peer-reviewed Answer: CHAP- Community Health Accreditation Question: This reviews and evaluates HMO's it HEDIS- Health Plan EMployer Data & info Set to compare HMO'sAnswer: National Committee for Assurance (NCQA)
Question: She used her with powerful men in govt to obtain supplies and personnel needed to care for the wounded during Crimean WarAnswer: Florence Question: Was able to fight incompetence & obtain decent care for the wounded Civil War by using influential people in WashingtonAnswer: Ropes Question: used the buildup and excitement of the 's Fair to bring together nurses and form the first nursing organizationAnswer: Hampton Question: This defines nursing legally, and the scope of nursing practice is outlined.Answer: Nurse Act Question: "The act of utilizing the environment of the to assist him in his recovery"Answer: Florence Question: "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the , sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to the health or its recovery" that would do for themselves if they couldAnswer: Henderson Question: Defines nursing, describes what nurses do, and provides and outcomes of careAnswer: Theory Question: A theory is a set of concepts & propositions that provides an orderly way to view .Answer: Question: Theory defines what is, what it does and the goals and outcomes of nursing care. Answer: BLANK Question: Nursing is the synthesis of many . Answer: Question: Concepts and Propositions are the structural elements of a theoretical Answer: Question: Nursing is in a state of change.Answer: Question: Nursing continues to expand in a multiplicity of ways.Answer: BLANK Question: Nurses dervive knowledge through Carpers patterns of 4 Answer: empirical (scientific), aesthetic (creative) knowledge, knowledge and ethical knowledge. Question: a particular viewpoint or "a worldview" Answer: Paradigm Question: the major concepts in a discipline that names the of concernAnswer: Meta-paradigm Question: Made up of concepts and Answer: THEORIES Question: these are mental of a phenomenon Answer: CONCEPTS Question: this describes the between conceptsAnswer: PROPOSITIONS Question: The that links concepts together, representing a unified whole. Answer: framwork Question: a symbolic representation of a theory, shown through diagrams, words, or ,Answer: model Question: This provides an overall for structuring ideasAnswer: Grand Question: This is used to address more narrowy defined phenomena and can be used to suggest an Answer: Middle-range Question: A meta-paradigm in has 4 areasAnswer: Person, Health, and Nursing Question: The , family or group in a meta-paradigmAnswer: Question: The of wellness to terminal illness in the meta-paradigmAnswer: HEALTH Question: The place or community where care is in a meta-paradigmAnswer: ENVIRONMENT Question: The actions; interactions of the nurse with the in a meta-paradigmAnswer: NURSING Question: There are 4 of KNOWING:Answer: empirical, , personal, ethical Question: She is recognized as the first nurse theorist. She describe nursing as both an art and science. She recommeded adjusting the to improve a person's health.Answer: Nightingale Question: She 4 conservatin principles for nursing, specifically the conervation of energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social stability. She also stated people need nursing when they are unable to care for themselves.Answer: Myra Question: She developed the theory of Human Caring and described 10 carative .Answer: Jean Question: She the theory of the Science of Unitary Human Beings, in which the person is a unified whole, greater than the sum of parts.Answer: Martha Question: She emphasized understanding the person's experiences as related to health. Answer: Rosemary Question: This is an of middle-range theory and uses 11 functional health patterns to provide a framework for assessment, nursing dx, and a plan of car.Answer: Gordon's Functional Patterns Question: Hildegard Peplau- Peplau's relations model
*environment not definedAnswer: P- Focus on the individual- they live in an unsatble equilibrium & strive to reduce anxiety
H- Moving toward a directon of beong creative, , productive, & personal and community living
N- Sick person and nurse therapeutic communication Question: Virginia Henderson- of nursingAnswer: P- complete being who has 14 fundamental needs
E- aggregate the external conditions & influences
H- Requires independence 7 interdependence Must be able to do the 14 unaided
N- to assist those who cannot do by themselves Question: 14 funadmental Answer: breathing, eat, drink, eliminate, move & maintain posture, sleep & rest, dress & , maintain body temp, keep clean, avoid danger, communicate, worship, work, play and learn Question: Madeleine Leininger - cultural care & universality theory Answer: P- Human are caring & capable of feeling concern E- *none* H- a state of well being that is culturally defined, valued & practiced N- uses problem solving approach, 3 models of action- see next card Question: 3 models of action in Leininger's Answer: culture care preservation, culture care , and culture care re-patterning Question: Orem's self care theory- E. OremAnswer: P- a unity who can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically & socially, and who & performs on thier own to maintain health and well being. H- Well being is used in the sense of the person's percieved condition of existance. Question: Orem's regarding NursingAnswer: Nursing is a deliberate action, a function of the practical intelligence of nurses & to bring mundanely desirable conditions. Question: Roger's of unitary human beings- Martha E. RogersAnswer: P- Different from the sum of its . Continous repatterning. E- Each is specific to its given human field. H- + health= wellness. Question: Roger's theory NursingAnswer: A humanistic science dedicated to compassionate concern with maintaining & health, preventing illness, & caring for & rehabilitating the sick and disabled. Question: Roy's adaption model- Sister RoyAnswer: P- a bio-psycho-social being who is constantly intereacting with the environment & who has 4 modes of adaption H- a state & process of being & becoming an integrated & oerson. N- care & well being of humans, rooted in beliefs about the human person Question: Roy's 4 of adaption based on Answer: physiologic needs, self-concept, role , and interdependence Question: Watson's human caring theory- Jean Answer: P- person is greater than & different from the sum of . Individuality is important. H- high level of physical, menatl, and social functioning. E- social, cultural and spiritual influences of society. Sets goals Question: 's theory re: nursing-Answer: Nursing the research process witht he problem solving approach & is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness & caring for the sick. Question: King's goal theory- Imogene KingAnswer: P- 3 interacting systems, the personal systems is unified complex whole self who , thinks, desires, imagines & decides, identifies goals & selects means to achieve it. E- is constantly changing H- continuous adaption to stress to achieve max pote Question: King's re: nursing-Answer: a helping profession that assists individuals & groups in society to attain, maintain, & health or to help individuals die with dignity. Question: King;s 3 systemsAnswer: Individuals (personal), groups (interpersonal), and society (social) . Question: Neuman's systems - Betty NeumanAnswer: P- the person is mad eof physiologic, socio-cultural & developmental varibales. E- people maintain varying degrees of harmony & balance H- Illness = lack of harmony among parts & subparts of the system Question: Neuman's re: nursingAnswer: unique profession in that it is concerned with all variables affecting an individual's response to stressors, which are intra, inter & extra personal in nature. THe nurse helps the pt through , secondary & tertiary prevention to maintain stability Question: Nightingale's Environmental theoryAnswer: P- ind. with vital reparative processes to deal with disease & desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse. E- see alt card H- Health is maintained through preventions of disease from envir. . Question: Florenece 's major concepts of healthAnswer: ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness, and absence of Question: Florence Nightingale's re: nursingAnswer: Provision of optimal conditions to enhace the person's reparative from being interupted. Question: a set of guidelines for provding high-quality nuring care & for evaluating careAnswer: Standards of practice Question: who sets the standards for nursing Answer: The American Associations Standards of Nursing Practice. Question: laws in each state that are instrumental in defining the scope of nursing practice. They protect public health, safety and welfare. State boards of nursing this stautory lawAnswer: Nurse Practice Question: Nursing care plans are on nursing processAnswer: they outline the nursing care to be provided. It is a set of the nurse will implement to resolve nursing problems identified by assessment. Question: The creation of the nursing care plan is a ? stage of the nursing Answer: Intermediate- it guides in th ongoing of nursing cre & assists in the evaluation of that care. Question: Characteristics of a nursing care planAnswer: -It focuses on actions which are designed to solve or minimize the problem
-it is a product of a delibrate systematic process
-it relates to the future
-it is based upon identifiable health & nursing problems Question: Elements of the nursing care Answer: NANDA nursing dx with related factors & diagnostic criteria
-nursing outcome classifications with specified to be achieved including deadlines
-Nursing intervention classifications with specified interventions Question: Tools or guidelines that are by identifying expected outcomesAnswer: Pathway Question: a plan of care based on standards that reflect optimal timing of sequential steps provided by all members of the team or chronic health problemsAnswer: Care Map/ pathways Question: Basics of a pathwayAnswer: -represents a sequential, interdisciplinary, minimal practice for specific pt population
-provides flexibility to alter care to meet ind. pt needs
-abbreviated format, broad prospective
-phase or episode driven
-ability to measure cause & eff Question: Evidence based practice Answer: integrating individualclinical with the bst available external clinical evidence from systematic research. Question: these may be established for the careof pts with specific illness, , or surgical procedures.Answer: Evidence based Question: components of gidelinesAnswer: -identify a specific area of concern
-review the published literature
-critically analyze the lit to be certain it is accurate & to area of concern Question: ASSESS, LINK, , DESIGN, IMPLEMENT AND EVALUATE, INTEGRATE AND MAINTAINAnswer: ** ** Question: a process that uses observable & verifiable info, colected in a systematic manner to describe, explain, or eventsAnswer: Research Question: a study in which items can be counted or & statistics can be used to analyze the resultsAnswer: research Question: pure or lab research that is designed to generate & theoryAnswer: basic Question: also practical research, it is designed to directly influence or improve clinical practice Answer: research Question: 4 of quantitive researchAnswer: Descriptive, correlational, -experimental, and Experimental Question: and describes events in real life situations, describing conceptsAnswer: Descriptive Question: the type & degree of relationships between 2 or more variablesAnswer: Correlational Question: examines cause & effect relationships between variables. Often conducted in nursing research t examine effects of intervenions on pt outcomesAnswer: Quasi- Experimental Question: examines cause & effect relationships between under highly contolld conditionsAnswer: Experiemental Question: something that and has different values that can be measured Answer: Question: the variable studied, determined as a result of a studyAnswer: variable Question: causes or conditions tht are mainpulated or identified to determine the on the dependent varableAnswer: variable Question: statement of between the independent & dependent variables that the researcher expects to findAnswer: Question: info the researcer collects from subjects in the study- expressed in Answer: Data Question: devices used to & record the data Answer: Question: the systematic collection & of more SUBJECTIVE narrative materials Answer: Qualiative Research which os used to gain greater understanding of the experience of the pt & family and may help the t identify areas to explore with pt & family Question: 4 of Qualiative Research MethodsAnswer: PHENOMENOLOGY- describes exp as they are lived by the subjects being studied
GROUDED - how people describe their own reality & how their beliefs are r/t actions in a social scene
other 2 on next card Question: * 2 methods Answer: -ETHNOGRAPHY- examines issues of a culure that are of interest to nursing
-HISTORICAL- examinesevents of te passt to understanding of nursing profession Question: QUANTITIVE RESEARCH
-objective
-deductive * tests -Generalisable
-NumbersAnswer: RESEARCH
-Subjective
-inductive * generates theories
-NOT generalisable
-Words Question: Keys to research reporsAnswer: -Source
-author
-content
-consensus Question: Informed Answer: the pt's right to consent knowledgeably to participate in a study or tx without coercion or to refuse to participate without jeopardizing the care that he/ she will recieve. The to confidentiality, & to be protected from harm Question: any eval of providd & the results achieved are compared with acceped standardsAnswer: Quality Management/ Quality Improvement
1st- actual results are compared with results then any deficiencies noted or identified serve to prompt recommendations for improvement Question: a medicare/ medicaid review organization that evals preadmission, pre-procedure, concurrent or review. Answer: PRO- Peer Review Organization. The purpose is to if care given was necessary & appropriate. Question: MeasuresAnswer: are the actual healt results in pts & communities served. key indicators or QI (quality ) show effectiveness of the system as a whole & indicate whether access to services are available. Question: include infection & morbidity/mortality rates associated with specific hospitals & procedures. Answer: Healthcare Outcomes Question: 3 groups under HCUP- Healthcare Cost & Project used to determine quality of care & access to care Answer: prevention, inpatient & pt safety indicators Question: Long term indicatorsAnswer: there are 11 areas of care ith 24 quality indicators. they common conditions & items that are important to residents & serve as te focus for suveyors. Question: Purpose of this was to establish national goals to serve as a by individuals, organizaations, & the governmnt. Answer: Health Indicators Question: National Health Indicators do Answer: Process-Identify Need- Team- Collect data- use nursing audits or peer review- establish outcomes- Evaluate Question: Risk Answer: an effort to & assess risks to pts, staff, & organizational assets withina health care institution. They identify risks and review & apprase safety protocols Question: In review & appraisal they do Answer: 1. EVAL or audit focuses on environment in which the care is provided. Standards describe phyisical facilities & equiptment; organizational characteristics, policies & procedures, fiscal resources, prsonnel resources. Question: They then- PROCESS EVAL which is the nature & sequence of activities carried out by implementing the nursing process. Criteria make explicit acceptable levels of erformance for nursing actions r/t pt assessment, dx, planning, implemntation, & eval Answer: OUTCOME EVAL- focuses on measurable changes in the health status of the pt or the end results of nursing care. The proper environment for care & the right nursing actions are important; the critical element is demonstratable in pt health status Question: LEGAL- addresses tje general welfare of the public. A violation of this law is a a crime & is prosecuted by the gov't. Answer: CRIMINAL Question: This law regulated condeuct between individuals or businesses & is enforced through the courts as damages or monetary compensation.Answer: CIVIL Question: a rule or regulation established by the gov't legislative authority such as Congress, the state legislature or city council, that appears in writingAnswer: Question: this is published in codes. it is broken down into specific rules. it includes constutional laws and enacted Answer: Laws Question: is derived from common usage, custom or judical law. it is on occurances of events, it is less clear & exact that stauutory lawAnswer: Common law- ( FYI- statutory law & regulatory law carry more in court than common law does) Question: these are civil wrongs committed by 1 person against another person or their property. It can include physical harm, harm, harm to livelyhood, or some other less tangible value such as harm to repuation.Answer: TORT- it can also be a crime- gross negligance that demonstrates that is guilty of complete disregard for another's life may be tried as both a civil & a criminal action & is oprosecuted under criminal & civil law. Question: When the outcome is planned, although the person may not have believed the outcome would be harmfulAnswer: intentional Question: When a is committed against another person or property that was not intended to happen.Answer: Unintentional tort. Most cause of an unintentional tort is negligence. Question: the carelessness or failure to act as a prudent person would normally act under the same circumstance; unintended failure of a person to act or not act as a reasonable person would/would not act in a scenarioAnswer: Question: 4 characteristics of negligenceAnswer: 1. harm must have occurred. 2. the negligent must have been in a situation where they held a duty toward the person harmed. 3. Breach of duty 4. the harm must be shown to have been caused by a breech of duty. Question: Breech of Answer: includes either doing or not doing what should have been done (commission of an action) or not done. Failing to act as a resonable prudent person. Failure to peform an act required by law or performing in an unlawful way Question: used to identify a specific type of of a specifically trained or educated person in the performance of his/her jobAnswer: Malpractice. to prevent this maintain a high standard of care, communication with pt and family, be aware of policy & procedures. they are an adequate defense against a claim. Avoid short cuts & work arounds. Question: Therapeutic includes;Answer: listening, clarifying, & solving Question: of MalpracticeAnswer: 1. Harm to an individual 2. of duty b the professional 3. duty of a professional toward an individual 4. breech of duty as the casue of harm Question: intentional & unlawful offer to a person in an offensive, insulting or physically intimidating manner.Answer: Assult Question: the of another person without the person's consent.Answer: BATTERY Question: of privacyAnswer: all info re: pt's is confidential or whether it is on paper, computer or spoken. this includes; unnecessary exposure of pt's during care, talking with pt's in rooms that aren't sundproof, sharing pt info, interacting with pt's family re: HIPPA Question: the willful & purposeful misrespresentaion that could cause or has caused loss or harm to a person or . Answer: Fraud- Misrepresentation of a is a common fraudulent act. Question: an intentional tort in which one party makes derogatory remarks another that diminish the other party's reputation & is grounds for an award of civil damagesAnswer: of character Question: written form of Answer: libel Question: oral form of Answer: slander Question: making a person stay in a place against wishesAnswer: False Imprisonment- the law requires the least restrictive measures in care including with restrainsts (physical or medical) Question: Answer: - each state has different definitions. Nurses cannot leave their patients when they are . Question: an agreement between 2 parties or more, especially one that is written & enforceable by Answer: contract- these are often implied with pts. Courts will uphold that an implied contract exists obligating the to be competent & to provide responsible care. Question: of a valid contractAnswer: PREAMBLE- an explanation or summary of the contract TERMINATION CLAUSE- a portion of a contract that explains the rights of the parties to terminate, or , their contract. |
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