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CSN 121 Chap 1&2
Chemistry the Central Science, 121
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition for matter? | Physical material of the universe, anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| What is the definition for a property? | Any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types. |
| What is the definition for elements? | A substance that cannot be separated into a simpler substance by chemical means. |
| What is the definition of a molecule? | Two or more atoms that are joined together in specific shapes. |
| Define a pure substance: | Matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample. |
| Define the Law of Constant Composition and what is its other name? | Law of definite proportions, the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same. |
| What is another name for a homogeneous mixture and its definition? | Solution, a uniform mixture throughout. |
| What are some physical properties of matter? | Observable without changing identity, color odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness. |
| What are some chemical properties of matter? | the way a substance may change or react to form other substances: flammability |
| What are intensive properties? | Temp, melting point, density, they do not depend on the amount of the sample being examined. |
| What are extensive properties? | depend on quantity, mass, volume. |
| What meaning does the abbreviations M, k, c, m mue, n, p have? | M - Mega (10^6), k - Kilo (10^3), c - Centi (10^-2), m - Milli (10^-3), mue - Micro (10^-6), p - Pico (10^-6) |
| What is the conversion for C to F degrees? | 9/5(C) + 32 |
| What is the conversion for C to Kelvin? | C + 273.15 |
| how do you find volume for a cube? | The length of the cube cubed |
| What are common conversions for volume(L,mL)? | L=dm^3, mL=cm^3 |
| What is the formula for density? | density = mass/volume (g/cm^3) |
| Define precision: | A measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another |
| Define accuracy: | How closely individual measurements agree with the "true" value. |
| The numbers 2.2g and 2.2405g have how many sig figs? | 2.2 - 2, 2.2405 -5. |
| Regarding zeroes between nonzero digits are they significant? | Yes |
| Regarding zeroes at the beginning of a number are they significant? e.g. 0.02, 0.0026 | No, 0.02 (1), 0.0026 (2) |
| Regarding zeroes at the end of a number are they significant significant if they contain a decimal point? e.g. 0.0200, 3.0 | Yes, 0.0200 (3), 3.0 (2). |
| Regarding zeroes at the end of a number are they significant if there is no decimal point? e.g. 10,300 | No 10,300 (3) |
| Regarding significant figures what is the rule for addition and subtraction? e.g. 20.42 + 1.322 + 104.842 = | The result ends with the number that has the fewest decimal places. 104.842 = 104.8 |
| Regarding significant figures what is the rule multiplication and division? e.g. 6.221 X 5.2 = | The result is rounded off to the fewest significant figures one of the terms has. 6.221 X 5.2 = 32.3492 = 32 |
| What are the three types of radiation? | alpha, beta and gamma |
| Which radiation types consist of fast moving particles? | alpha and beta |
| What charges do the three types of radiation hold? | alpha positive, beta negative, gamma neutral. |
| What are the amu measurements as well as the charges for the subatomic particles? | proton +1 & 1 amu, electron -1 & 0.0005486 amu, neutron none & 1 amu |
| What are atmos measured in regarding length? | Angstrom (A with a circle above), angstroms equal 10^10m |
| What are the proton/neutron configuration for ^11C, ^14C? | ^11C has 6 protons and 5 neutrons where 14^C has 6 protons and 8 neutrons |
| What is the relative size of an atom and of its nucleus? | atom diameter 1-5A, nucleus 10^-4A |
| What is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom called and where is it on the periodic table listing? | Atomic number, subscript to the left of element symbol |
| What is the term for the number of the protons and neutrons in an element as well as its position on the periodic table listing? | Mass number, superscript and to the left of element symbol. |
| What are atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers? | isotopes. |
| What are the conversions for amu to g? | 1g = 6.02214 X 10^23 amu or 1amu = 1.66054 X 10^-24g |
| What is the name of the group on the periodic table from 57-70? | Lanthinides |
| What is the name of the group on the periodic table from 89-102? | Actinides |
| What are the vertical columns on the periodic table called? | Groups |
| What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table? | Periods |
| What does IUPAC stand for? | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| What is the group name for 1A? | Alkali metals |
| What is the group name for 2A? | Alkaline earth metals |
| What is the name for group 6A? | Chalcogens |
| What is the name for the group 7A? | Halogens |
| What is the name for the group 8A? | Noble gasses |
| What elements normally occur as diatomic molecules? | hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and the halogens. |
| What are the formulas that give only the relative number of atoms of each type in a molecule? | Empirical formulas, the subscripts in these formulas are always the smallest possible whole number ratios. |
Created by:
emeriken1277
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