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Antivirals 331
Nursing Pharmacology Antivirals (Karch)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the prototype drug for Influenza A and respiratory antivirals? | Rimantadine |
| How do influenza A and Resp. virus antivirals work? | Inhibit viral repl. by preventing shedding of protein coat and entry into cell |
| What are influenza A and resp. virus antivirals used for? | prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A virus |
| What are the major contraindications for influenza a/resp. virus antivirals? | prg and lact.: embryotoxic allergy renal dysfunction |
| What are the adverse effects of Influ. A/Resp. virus anti virals? | CNS: lightheaded, dizzy, insomnia, depression Nausea Orthostatic hypotension |
| What are the drug-drug interactions with influenza A/resp. virus antivirals? | Anticholinergic agents, asprin, acetomenophen, atropine (not Ibuprofin) |
| What is the prototype drug for herpes and cytomegalovirus antivirals? | Acyclovir |
| How do Herpes and Cytomegalovirus antivirals work? | inhibit viral DNA replication by competing with viral substrates to form shorter, non-effective DNA chains |
| What are herpes and cytomegalovirus antivirals used for? | HSV 1 &2 genital HSV HSV encephilitis shingles/chicken pox cream used for cold sores |
| What are the contraindications for herpes and cytomegalovirus antivirals? | preg. & lact allergy renal disease CNS disorders |
| What are the adverse effects of herpes and cytomegalovirus antivirals? | headache vertigo tremors n/v rash hair loss |
| What are the drug-drug interactions with herpes and cytomegalovirus antivirals? | Nephrotoxic drugs Zidovudine |
| What is the prototype drug for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors? (HIV) | Neviparine |
| How do the NNRTI drugs work? | binds to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and changes the structure of the HIV enzyme |
| What are the NNRTI drugs used for? | HIV patients w/immunological deterioration used in combination used for AIDS patients with decreased T cells |
| What are the contraindications for NNRTI drugs? | preg and lact. |
| What are the adverse effects of NNRTI? | Headache n/v/d rash liver dysfunction chills fever dry mouth constipation dyspepsia abdominal pain muscle aches |
| What is the one common drug-drug interaction to all the HIV drugs? | St. John's Wort |
| What is the CCR5 correcptor antagonist prototype drug? | Maraviroc |
| How do CCR5 correceptor antagonists work? | selectively bind to human chemokine receptor CCR5 |
| What are CCR% correcptor antagonist drugs used for? | Combination HIV therapy |
| What are the contraindications for CCR5 Corecceptor antagonist drugs? | hypersensativity to drug components liver disease preg and lact coinfaction with HEP B Cardiac disease |
| What are the adverse effects of CCR5 correcptor antagonists? | n/v/d headache, dizziness, fever musculoskeletal hepatoxicity |
| What is the prototype drug for Integrase Inhibitor antivirals? | Raltegravir |
| What do Integrase Inhibitor antivirals do? | inhibit activity of virus specific enzyme integrase, prevents formation of HIV-1 provirus |
| What are integrase inhibitor antivirals used to treat? | combination antiretroviral therapy for CCR5 tropical HIV |
| What are the contraindication for integrase inhibitor antivirals? | hypersensativity or allergy risk for RHABDOMYOLYSIS myopathy pregnancy |
| what are the adverse effects of integrase inhibitors? | rhabdomyolysis myopathy dizziness, fever, headache n/v/d |
| What is the prototype for the anti-hepatitis B agents? | Adefovir |
| What are the adverse effects of the anti Hep B agents? | nephrotoxicity lactic acidosis elevated liver enzymes headache asthma nausea SEVERE or FATAL hepatomegaly with steatosis |
| What are the contraindications for anti Hep B agents? | preg and lact allergy renal impairment severe liver disease |
| What are the two drugs for local active antiviral agents? | Ganciclover Penciclover |
| How do the local antivirals work? | interfere with viral replication |
| What is the prototype drug for the Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors | Zidovudine |
| What is special about Zidovudine among the HIV antivirals? | Proven safe when used in pregnancy. Used to prevent maternal transmission of HIV |
| How do the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work? | Inhibit replication by competing with naturally occuring nucleosides within the cell that the virus would use to build its DNA chain |
| What are the contraindications for Nucleoside RTIs? | caution with: hepatic dysfunction renal impairment bone marrow suppression |
| What are the adverse effects of the nucleoside RTIs? | headache, insomnia, dizziness, fever rash n/d bone marrow suppression |
| What are the drug-drug interactions with nucleoside RTIs? | Cyclosporine |
| What is the prototype drug for Protease Inhibitor anti-virals? | Fosamprenavir |
| How do protease inhibitor antivirals work? | inhibit protease activity, leads to immature, non-infectious viral particles |
| What are protease inhibitor antivirals used for? | combination HIV therapy |
| What are the contraindications for use of protease inhibitors? | pg and lact. Saquinavir only agent shown to NOT be teratogenic |
| What are the adverse effects of protease inhibitors? | headache, mood changes, fatigue rash N/D Stevens Johnson Syndrome Redistribution of body fat (buffalo hump) |
| What is the prototype drug for fusion inhibitors? | Enfuvirtide |
| What are the contraindications for fusion inhibitors? | pregnancy lung disease |
| What are the adverse effects of fusion inhibitors? | insomnia, depression injection site reaction n/d peripheral neuropathy pneumonia |
| What are the six prototype drugs used for HIV combination treatment? | Enfuvirtide-fusion inhibitor Fosamprenavir-protease inhibitor Maraviroc-CCR5 correceptor antagonist Neviparine-Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Zidovudine-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Raltagravir-Integrase Inhibitor |
| which class of HIV drugs works by competing with naturally occuring nucleosides in the cell to prevent the virus from using it to build it's DNA chain? | Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (prototype: Zidovudine) |
| Which HIV antiviral treatment has rhabdomyolysis as an adverse effect? | Integrase inhibitors (prototype: raltagravir) |
| Which antiviral has a drug-drug interaction with nephrotoxic drugs? | antiHep B drugs (prototype: Adefovir) |
| Which antivirals are contraindicated when there is renal impairment? | anti-hep B agents (adefovir) herpes and cytolomegalovirus (acyclovir) influenza A and resp. virus (rimantadine) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine) |
| Which anvirials are contraindicated when there is liver disease or damage? | nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine) anti-hep b agents (adefovir) CCR5 correceptor antagonists (Maraviroc) |
| Which antiviral has severe to fatal hepatamegaly as an adverse effect? | Anti-hep B agents (Adefovir) |
| Carbapenems have a drug-drug interaction with which anti-viral? | Ganciclovir |
| Aminoglycosides have drug-drug interactions with which antiviral? | Acyclovir |
| Which antiviral works by inhibiting viral replication by preventing the shedding of the protein coat of the virus? | Influenza A-resp. virus antivirals (Rimantadine) |
| Which antiviral has a drug-drug interaction with another antiviral and which one is it? | Herpes/cytomegalovirus antivirals (acyclovir) has a drug-drug interaction with Zidovudine (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) |
| What is the most common side effect associated with Maraviroc? | parasthesias and fever |
| What are the most common side affects associated with Rimantadine? | Lightheadedness and dizziness |
| What are the most common side affects associated with fosamprenavir? | Buffalo hump, fat redistribution (also with tenefovir) (protease inhibitors!) |
| What are the most common side affects seen with Neviripine? | GI problems: n/v/d, dry mouth, dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal pain |
| Which was the first class of drugs developed to treat HIV? | Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as Zidovudine and didanosine were the first |
| Which antiviral would be best for someone with acute renal impairment? | Nelfinavir-primarily excreted in feces so little kidney involvement |
| Which antiviral is used to treat influenza a and Respiratory virus in children? | Ribivirin |
Created by:
SarahTzipporah
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