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Cha. 2-4 Sci. Quiz
A Study Guide for Chapters 2-4 for Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or Flse: Physical changed change the identity of the matter involved. | False |
| What are characteristic properties? | The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance |
| Can you observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance? | Yes |
| Which are harder to observe- Chemical Properties or Physical Properties? | Chemical Properties |
| What happes during a chemical change? | A substance changes chemical properties |
| What are some common signs of chemical changes? | A change in color, odor, production of heat, fizzing, etc. |
| Do chemical changes change the identity of the matter involved? | Yes |
| Do physical changes change the compostition of a substance? | No |
| Which type of change can be easily reversed? | A physical change |
| Matter has ___ which is used to measure ___ which tends to resist any change in ___ | mass; inertia; motion |
| Matter has ___ which is used to measure ___ which is the force on an object due to ___. | Mass; weight; gravity |
| Matter has ___ which is expressed in SI units such as ___ and ___. | Volume; Milliliters; cubic centimeters |
| What is a state of matter? | A physical form in which a substance can exist |
| What are the four different states of matter? | Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma |
| What is matter made up of? | Tiny particles called atoms and molecules |
| What are always in motion and bumping into each other? | Atoms and molecules |
| What is a solid? | A state of matter that has a definite shape and volume |
| In solids, why don't the particles overcome the attractions between them? | Because they do not move fast enough |
| Each particle in a solid ___ in place and is locked in place by the ___ around it. | Vibrates; Particles |
| What are the two kinds of solids? | Crystalline and amorphous |
| What is crystalline? | A very orderly. three-dimensional arrangement of particles. |
| What are some examples of crystalline? | Iron, diamond, and ice |
| What is amorphous? | Particles that don't have a special arrangement |
| What are some examples of amorphous? | Glass, rubber, and wax |
| What is a liquid? | The state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container |
| Do particles in a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions betweem the,? | Yes |
| What is surface tension? | It is the force that acts on the particles of the surface of a liquid |
| What is viscosity? | It is the liquid's resistance to flow |
| What is a gas? | A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume |
| How do the particles move in gases? | Quickly |
| What can gas particles easily do? | Break away from each other |
| True or False: The amount of space in gas particles cannot change. | False |
| What is temperature? | A measure of how fast the particles in an object are moving |
| If something has a high energy, how are the particles moving? | Faster |
| What is volume? | The amount of space that an object takes up |
| What is pressure? | The amount of force exerted on a given area of surface |
| What is another definition of pressure? | The number of time the particles of a gas hit the inside of their container |
| Boyle's Law states what? | That for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely related to the pressure. |
| What does Charles's Law state? | That for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas changes in the same way that the temperature of the gases changes |
| What is a change of state? | The change of a substance from one physical form to another |
| In a change of state, what does NOT change? | The identity of the substance |
| What is different when a particular substance is in a different state? | The amounts of energy |
| To change a substance from one state to another, you must what? | Add or remove energy |
| What is melting? | It is the change of state from a solid to a liquid |
| When energy is added to an object, what is increased, and what moves faster because of this? | The temperature rises, making particles move faster |
| The certain temperature at which a certain solid will melt is called its what? | Melting point |
| To melt a substance's particles must what? | Overcome some of their attractions to each other |
| Is melting an endothermic or exothermic change, and why? | Endothermic, because energy is gained by the substance as it changes state |
| What is freezing? | The change of state form a liquid to a solid |
| What is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid called? | The freezing point |
| For an object to freeze, what must overcome the motion of the particles? | The attractions between the particles |
| Is freezing endothermic or exothermic, and why? | Exothermic, because energy is removed from the substance as it changes state |
| What is evaporation? | It is the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas |
| What occurs at the surface of a liquid that is below its boiling point? | Evaporation |
| What is a change of a liquid to a vapor thorugh the liquid? | Boiling |
| What is vapor pressure? | The pressure inside the bubbles when a liquid is boiling |
| What is the boiling point of an object? | The temperature at which a liquid boils |
| What is atmospheric pressure caused by? | The weight of the gases that make up the atmosphere |
| Atmospheric pressure varies when in relation to what? | Sea level |
| What is condensation? | The change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| What is the condensation point? | The temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid |
| Is condensation endothermic or exothermic, and why? | Exothermic, because enerfy must be removed to slow down the movement of the particles |
| What is sublimation? | The change of state in which a solid changes directly into a gas |
| Is sublimation endothermic or exothermic? | Endothermic |
| What is anything that has mass and takes up space? | Matter |
| What is volume? | A measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space |
| What is the curve at a liquid's surface by which one measures the volume of the liquid? | Meniscus |
| What is mass? | A measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| What is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object? | Weight |
| What is inertia? | The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion unless an outside force acts on the object |
| What is a characteristic of a substance that does NOT ivolve a chemical change? | A physical property |
| What is density? | The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| What is a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties? | A physical change |
| What is a chemical property? | A property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions |
| What is the SI unit for force? | Newton |
| What is a chemical change? | A change that occurs where one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| What are any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation? | Data |
| What is observation? | The process of obtaining information by using the senses |
| What is a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation? | A hypothesis |
| What is a theory? | A system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation |
| What is a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions? | A law |
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EMichelle19
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