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The Eye Study G
The Eye
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Does the eye contain bones? | No |
| What is the eye desgined to do? | Capture light and transfer signals into electrical signals |
| Where do the outside images go to be magnified? | In the back to be magnified by the cornea. The lens could be magnifying things, then it comes down the virtues and passing through the retina |
| Can the eye see? | No, it captures light, transfers it into electrical signals, and send it to the back of the brain to do it |
| What are the muscles in the back of the eye? | superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique |
| What is the function of lacrymal glands? | Collects the tears, tear ducts, washout or pushback toward the nose, into the caniculus |
| What is the function of the tear gland? | To keep it moist |
| Does the cornea have blood vessels? | No |
| What is the cornea in continuation with? | The outer sclera |
| Does the brain send nerves to the eye? | No, The eye sends nerves to the brain |
| What inserts in the outer sclera? | Muscles |
| What is the second layer of the eye? | Chroid |
| What is the third layer of the eye? | Retina |
| What fluid is in front of the lens? | Aqueous humor |
| What fluid is behind the lens? | Viterous humor |
| What gives the eye its shape? | The gelatinous viterous |
| Describe the formation of the eye | It is an invagination from the dicencephalic vesicle off of the neural tube |
| What is the name of the place where the retina stops? | The orra serrata |
| What does the pigmentend epithelium do? | Makes an extension called the iris |
| Name the five layers of the cornea | Corneal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, substantia propia, descement's membrane, corneal endothelium |
| What type of epithelium is in the corneal epithelium? | Straified squamous, with an outer small non-keratinized flat layer with a small cilia plasma membrane |
| Are there blood vessels in the cornea? | No, there are no blood vessels anywhere in the cornea |
| What innervates the whole layer of the cornea? | Cranial nerve |
| What kind of cells are present in the substantia propia? | small keratin looking cells |
| True or False: The outer epithelium constantly sheds its outer surface cells and new ones are born | True |
| True or False: Bowman's membrane can regenerate | False |
| What are the bundles glued together by in the stroma of the cornea? | Mucopolysaccharide matrix which consists of chondrotin sulphate A, keratosulfate and hylaruronic caid |
| True or False: Descement's membrane can regenerate | True, the bottom layer is atypical collagen |
| What is the role of the corneal endothelium layer? | Bring nutrients from the back of the cornea since there are no blood vessels. they use channels called aquaporin channels |
| What is kept throughout the stroma through the sulfated mucopolysaccharides? | Water so that is kept clear |
| What is the name of the nerve that innervates the cornea? | Trigeminal nerve |
| How much more powerful is the cornea than the lens? | 7x |
| What type of fibers does the limbus contain? | Collagenous fibers called the uvueal cord at the back. this is where it allows the aqueous humerous to be filtered and the fluid is put back to the big blood vessels which are called the Sclemn canal |
| What type of tissue is the outside portion of the sclera? | Dense fibrous regular connective tissue |
| What type of connective tissue does the episclera have? | Loose connective tissue and elastic fibrils so it can stretch and change its shape |
| What does the sclera proper contain? | Numerous blood vessels, desne feltwork of collagen and bundles of collagen are parallel to the surface |
| What are all of the structures in the brain a continuation of? | The optic nerve |
| Name the layers of the choroid | Epichoroidal layer, stroma and chriocapillar layer |
| Where are the large number of blood vessels located in the choroid? | In the choriocapillar layer. It is the blood supply for the outer portion of the retina |
| What is the epichoroidal layer? | Loosely arranged collagen, elastic fibrils, fibroblasts and pigments called chromatophores with melanin present in them |
| How does the photoreceptors get its blood supply from the chriocapillar layer? | Through a tiny thin layer called the Bruch's membrane which has elastic and collagenous fibrils |
| Where does the secretion into the cilliary bodies come from? | The posterior chamber and goes around being absorbed into the canal of Sclemm |
| Is the nerve supply of the cilliary body parasympathetic or sympathetic? | Parasympathetic and it comes with the third nerve |
| What are the cillary muscles derived from? | The choroid |
| What is the lens suspended from? | Zonule fibrils or zunule cilaris |
| When the cicular muscles contract does the lens relax? | Yes. |
| When the lens are spherical can you see closer or further? | Closer, when flattened you can see far away |
| Which way does the pigmented layer face? | Outward and the non-pigmented inward |
| Which one is more pigmented pars plana or pars plicata? | pars plana |
| Does the pigmented or non-pigmented portion secrete the aqueous humor? | The non-pigmented. the fluid comes from the plasma of blood vessels |
| What happens if the fluid builds up pressure? | Leads to glycoma |
| What happens if pressure is not maintained properly? | The ganglion cells in the retina begin to die and you go blind |
| Describe iris | The color of the eye. If it is purple or pink there is no pigment present. Albinos have no pigment |
| What does the pupil do? | It constricts the sphincter muscles, and dilates the muscles |
| When the pupil constricts the muscles is that parasympathetic or sympathetic? | Parasympathetic (Third cranial nerve) |
| When the pupil dilates the muscles is that parasympathetic or sympathetic? | Sympathetic from the superior cervical ganglion |
| What is constriction and dialation of the pupil called? | Constriction: Miosis Dialation: Mydriasis |
| Where did the lens evolve from? | Outside the capsular anterior epithelial single cells |
| Are there rods in the fovea? | No there are only cones |
| Do amacrine cells have axons? | No |
| Describe Muller cells | The biggest supporting glia, and their processes go up to create this external limiting membrane |
| True or False: The cones can synapse more than once | True |
| When do the rods shed? | At the onset of light |
| Is it normal for photorecptors to shed? | Yes, and their outer segments get phagocytized by the neighboring pigmented epithelial cells |
| What happens if the shedding stops? | You end up with a disease like retinis pigmentosa |
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