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us history midterm
1302
| Qs | As |
|---|---|
| Wade-Davis Bill - | an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh. |
| Freedman's Bureau - | 1865. The bureau's focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools to aid former slaves and the poor. |
| 13th amendment - | 1865. Amendement abolishing and continually prohibiting slavery. With limited exception, such as those guilty of comitting a crime, it also prevents indentured servitude. |
| 14th Amendment - | An amendment to the U. S. Constitution passes in 1868 that made all persons born or naturalized in the United States-including former slave-citizens of the country. |
| Military Reconstruction Act - | 1867 the governments of the southern states using the governments of the northern states as examples. It was also implemented to ensure that the civil rights of the free blacks in the South |
| 15th Amendment - | 1870, this amendment to the U. S. Constitution stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
| Carpetbaggers - | northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction |
| Ku Klux Klan - | a secret society of white Southerners in the United States, a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights. |
| Slaughterhouse Cases - | Group of cases resulting in one decision by the Supreme Court in 1873 that contradicted the intent of the 14th Amendment, stating that most citizens rights remained under state, not federal control. |
| United States v. Cruikshank - | One of the first cases to deal with the 14th Amendment. Armed white militia had attacked freed black men. The ruling was the 14th only applied to what the state does and not what the individuals did. Blacks in the south were |
| Black codes - | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves |
| Sharecropping - | system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops |
| Jim Crow Laws - | The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 |
| Pacific Railroad Act - | 1862 called for the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific Ocean |
| Treaty of Fort Laramie - | 1851. Sioux Indians agreed to live on reservations along the Missouri River in exchange for the traveling of the settlers which were supposed to pay the Indians 50,000 for 50 years but never payed.The federal government promised t |
| Sand creek Massacre - | - 1864, an attack on a village of Cheyenne Indians by US militiamen on 29 November 1864 that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members. |
| Grant's Peace Policy - | Indians had to accept English, Christianity, individual ownership of land, allegiance to US, era of treaties was over. |
| Second Treaty of Fort Laramie - | the treaty acknowledging U.S. defeat in the Great Sioux War in 1868 and guaranteed the Sioux perpetual land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. |
| Battle of Little Bighorn - | 1876 battle in which Sioux and Cheyenne killed an entire force of U.S. troops. Worst US army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. |
| A Century of Dishonor - | Written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881 to expose the atrocities the United States committed against Native Americans in the 19th century. Convinced many readers that the Indians were treated unfairly. After her book was published ma |
| Dawes Act - | 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots |
| Nez Perce War - | The Nez Perce War was an armed conflict between the Nez Perce and the United States government fought in 1877 as part of the American Indian Wars. After a series of battles in which both the U.S. Army and native people sustained significan |
| ghost dance - | 1889 a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead, Spiritual revival by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee |
| Re Ricardo Rodriguez - | affirmed that Mexican Americans were citizens |
| Las Gorras Blancas - | group of mexican americans who fought to protect land claims |
| Jay Gould - | was a leading american railroad developer and speculator. Made a fortune on buying and selling railroad stock rather than transportation. the millionaire considered the brains of the 1869 attempt to corner the gold market |
| Andrew Carnegie - | Industrialist who made a fortune in steel in the late 1800s through vertical consolidation |
| John D. Rockefeller - | Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history. America's first billionaire. |
| Vertical Integration - | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution |
| Horizontal Integration - | Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. |
| Henry John Heinz - | United States industrialist who manufactured and sold processed foods (1844-1919) |
| Alexander Graham Bell - | United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) |
| Social Darwinism - | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. |
| Laissez-Faire - | idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affair including business. |
| Separate spheres - | Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have different roles in society: women as wives, mothers, and homemakers; men as breadwinners and participants in business and polit |
| Suburbs - | Residential areas surrounding a city. Shops and businesses moved to suburbia as well as people. wealthy commute. |
| Tenements - | poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants and poor workers lived |
| Great Railroad Strike of 1877 - | Strike where railway workers had 10% of their wages cut, in the midst of a depression, and refused to work. President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops and forced employees to begin working again. |
| Knights of Labor - | was one of the largest and one of the most important an American labor organization founded in 1869 to protect the rights of workers. |
| Haymarket - | 1886, a rally in support of striking workers turned into chaos when someone threw a bomb at police creating gunfire, 8 police officers killed, unknown number of civilians. It was the end for the Knights of Labor |
| Populists - | 1890 formed by farmers, wanted a reduced tariff, a graduated income tax, government control of the railroads, extension of the money supply (free silver), included Blacks (which hurt them) |
| Homestead Lockout - | 1892, (1892) Homestead steel mill locks out workers to stop formation of a union; violence erupts between workers and security, state militia called in to make arrests; government sides with big business |
| Miners strike - | 1894go on strike in Winter for shorter hours and higher pay, were stopped by federal troops. Miners came to the White House were an arbitrator decided the miners were right |
| Pullman strike - | 1894 - nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Prez. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery |
| Coxey's Army - | Coxey and Unemployed workers marched from Ohio to Washington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask for government relief. Coxey arrested. |
| Settlement houses - | Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants. |
| Women's Trade Union League - | 1903 a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Fire - | (1911) 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions) |
| ballot initiative - | registered voters, through a petition, can force a public vote on a proposed law |
| Referendum - | procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature |
| Midterm election - | Elections held midway between presidential elections. |
| Margaret Sanger - | United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood |
| American Woman suffrage Association - | Led by Lucy Stone and husband Henry Blackwell. Differed from NWSA on philosophy and strategy. Stressed cooperation of men and women. Ran state-by-state campaigns to remove the word "male" from state constitutions. |
| National woman suffrage association - | This organization, formed in 1890, to coordinate the ultimately successful campaign to achieve women's right to vote. |
| Frances Willard - | Worked for women's suffrage as President of the Women's Temperance Union |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association - | founded in 1869, and fought for women to be able to vote, pushed suffrage at a state level, trying to gain support from each state so they can all come together and force the federal government to pass the am |
| National Woman's Party - | 1917. A group of militant suffragists who took to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the govt to give them the right to vote. Led by Alice Paul. |
| Alice Paul - | head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking. |
| 19th Amendment - | 1920gave women the right to vote |
| Selective Service - | law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft. |
| Committee of Public Information - | 1917 massive War advertising campaign which made films posters and pamphlets designed to inspire patriotism |
| Espionage Act of 1917 - | provided severe penalties for aiding the enemy, refusing military duty or speaking disloyally about the constitution, government or flag |
| Sedition Act of 1918 - | made it illegal for americans to speak disloyaly about the US government, constitution, or flag |
| American Protective League - | -vigilante citizen group formed during WWI encouraged by the federal government, even though they often invaded individual's privacy |
| League of Nations - | an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations |
| US Steel Strike - | 1919 industrial organization; 750,000 steel workers went on strike over wages; resulted in 18.5 cents per hour wage increase |
| Red Scare - | 1919-1920, Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas |
| Palmer Raids - | 1920. Congressional support to raid houses of radicals believed to have connections to communism |
| American Civil Liberties Union - | An organization created in the 20s designed to protect the individual constitutional rights of all Americans. Controversial groups protected by the ACLU include the KKK, Sacco & Vanzetti, socialists, radical African-Americ |
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