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Patho Final

Pathology Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
Endometriosis the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus on structures such as the ovaries, ligaments, or colon
Ectopic endometrium responds to cyclic hormone variations, growing during the proliferation and secretory stages of the menstrual cycle. There is no exit point for the blood
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) (blank)
Trichomonas (Trich) Caused by Trichimonas vaginalis, an anaerobic flagellated protozoa, and an extracellular parasite
Trichomonas s/s yellowish foul-smelling discharge as well as inflammation and itching of the vaginal mucosa
Monillia/Candidiasis A yeast infection caused by Candida albicans (Monillia) and usually occurs as an opportunistic superficial infection.
Myxedma Severe Hypothyroidism in adults: refers to the nonpitting edema manifested as facial puffiness ad thick tongue.
Addison's Disease deficiency of adrenocortical secretion, the glucocorticoids, mieralocorticoids, and androgens. Is an autoimmune reaction
Diabetes Insipidus Deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Clinical manifestations are polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia
Insulin shock Hypoglycemia is precipitated by an excess of insulin, which causes a deficit of glucose in the blood
Glyburide (Diabeta) Hypoglycemic drug: stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin release.
Metformin (Glucophage) Hypoglycemic drugs: Reduces insulin resistance by decreasing hepatic production and intestinal absorption o f glucose, and increasing sensitivity to insulin
Troglitazone (Rezulin) Hypoglycemic drug: Increase tissue sensitvity to insulin
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) insufficient insulin, which leads to high blood glucose levels and mobilization of lipids.
Detached Retina s/s light or dark floating spots in the visual field, darkened or blind area the increases with time (dark curtian). No pain related with tear.
Macular Degeneration Occurs in fovea centralis in the macula lutes, with its high density of cones, at the central point of the retina. A membranous material grow over the retina preventing nutrients. Peripheral vision is not affected. Depth perception is affected
Grave's disease s/s Frequently women over 30, r/t autoimmune disorder. Signs hypermatabolism, toxic goiter, and exophthalomos (protruding, staring eyes w/decreased blink and eye movement
Wilms Tumor Premature growth of kidney cells in a fetus. Usually present as as one mass in one didey, but may be bilateral.
Cushings Disease s/s obesity (moon face), heavy trunk, buffalo hump, and wasting of muscle in the limbs, fragile sking (red streaks), and increased hair growth. also DM
Polycystic Kidney Disease Autosomal gominant genetic disease (C-16)Multiple cysts develop in both kidneys until first manifestations appear 40yo when chronic renal failure becomes symptomatic.
Nephrotic Syndrome Massive edema associated with weight gain and pallor.
Glomerulonephritis Flank or back pain develops as kidneys swell, decreased dark cloudy urine, facial/periorbital edema, General signs of inflammation including fatigue, h/a, anorexia, and nausea, evlevated BP
Urolithiasis (Stones) stones are frequently asymptomatic, unless frequent infections lead occur. Flank pain, severe pain followed by n/v, cool moist skin, and rapid pulse
Kidney Function Remove-waste, hormones, drugs, foreign material, regulate water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, secrete erythropoietin, activate V-D, regulate blood pressure through rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Mononucleosis (kissing disease) Diagnosed by the heterophil antiboy test (monospot) Manifestations include increase in lymphocytes, moncytes, rash on trunk, enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, sore throat, h/a, fever, fatigue, and malaise.
Pregnancy induced Hypertension Persistent BP (140/90) develops after 20 weeks gestation. s/s high BP, protein in urine, edema of face hands, feet, and face.
The eye is divided into two cavities by the lens and ciliary body Posterior cavity (vitreous humor) and Anterior cavity (aqueous humor) that supplies nutients to the lens and cornea that lack blood vessels
Myopia Nearsightedness
Hyperopiea farsightedness
Presbyopia Farsightedness associated with aging
Astigmatism Irregular curvature in the cornea or lens
Strabismus (squint or cross-eye) results from a deviation of one eye, resulting in double vision (diplopia)
Nystagmus involuntary abnormal movement of one or both eryes.
Diplopia (double vision) paralysis of the upper eyelid ( ptosis)
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