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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pueblo Indians | Native American people in the Southwestern United States. Their traditional economy is based on agriculture and trade.Their societies were far less populous, wealthy, and culturally complex than those of the Aztecs and the Mayas. |
| Mound Builders | The group of cultures collectively called Mound Builders were prehistoric inhabitants of North America who constructed various styles of earthen mounds for burial, residential and ceremonial purposes. |
| Creeks | he Muscogee (or Muskogee), also known as the Creek or Creeks, are a Native American people traditionally from the southeastern United States.They were once a powerful chiefdom until European epidemics killed many Indians. |
| Choctaw | The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States. They were once a powerful chiefdom until European epidemics killed many Indians. |
| Cherokee | A member of an American Indian people of the southeastern US. Scottish and Anglo-American settlers clashed repeatedly with Cherokees during the war with France |
| Iroquois | A member of a former confederacy of North American Indian peoples originally comprising the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca peoples (known as the Five Nations). Obtained guns and goods from Dutch merchants and attacked other tribes. |
| Christian World View | Like Native Americans, Puritans believed that the physical world was full of supernatural forces. Devout Christians saw signs of God’s (or Satan’s) power in blazing stars, birth defects, and other unusual events. Europe's Enlightenment countered it. |
| Native American World View | Native Americans found significance in everyday life that oriented them to the land and gave them spiritual values at the same time. |
| Difference in War | Indians did not want to assimilate into white cultures, while the whites took advantage of them for resources. |
| European Motives for Exploration | National unity and foreign commerce as the keys to power and prosperity. Sought to trade and conquer land. |
| Spain | Headed by Ferdinand and Isabel to spread their Christian Kingdom and sought trade and empire. |
| Christopher Columbus | Mariner from Genoa who was under Ferdinand and Isabel to explore. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty that divided the newly discovered lands out of Europe. |
| Conquistadors | Conquistadors were soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Spanish Empire. By 1535, other Spanish conquistadors had conquered the Mayan temple cities and the Inca empire in Peru, completing one of the great conquests in world history. |
| Hernado Cortes | Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. |
| Aztec Empire | Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) conquered the Aztec empire and destroyed its civilization. |
| Montezuma | Ruler of Aztec's. Reached maximum size under his rule. Conquered by Cortes. |
| Francisco Pizzaro | was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.Pizarro was named governor and captain of all conquests in Peru, or New Castile, as the Spanish now called the land. |
| Inca Empire | Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro explored the Inca Empire. Pizarro returned after receiving permission to conquer. |
| Columbian Exchange | Dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian Hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. |
| St. Augustine | To safeguard the route of its treasure fleet, Spain established a fort at St. Augustine in 1565, making it the first permanent European settlement in the future United States. |
| New Mexico | he name Nuevo México was first used by a seeker of gold mines named Francisco de Ibarra who explored far to the north of Mexico in 1563 and reported his findings as being in "a New Mexico". |
| Pueblo Revolt | Pueblo Indians rose up against Spanish missionaries and settlers; established a short-lived confederacy |
| Texas | shipwrecked Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his cohort became the first Europeans in what is now Texas. |
| California | First European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. |
| France | Excursions of Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier in the early 16th century were the precursors to the story of France's colonial expansion. |
| Jacques Cartier | Frenchman who journeyed hundreds of miles up the St. Lawrence River in 1534 |
| Samuel De Champlain | was a French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec. |
| Coureurs de Bois | fur traders and trappers, they penetrated far into the American wilderness |
| Antoine Cadillac | Frenchman who founded Detroit in 1701 to thwart English settlers making a play for the Ohio Valley |
| Robert de La Salle New Orleans | explored the Mississippi and Gulf basin, naming it Louisiana--(reached Gulf in 1682) |
| England | entire Western Hemisphere came under the control of European governments, leading to profound changes to its landscape, population, and plant and animal life. In the 19th century alone over 50 million people left Europe for the Americas. |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize |
| Ranoke | 1st English settlement in the New World was on the island of Roanoke, off the coast of North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first English child born in America was born on Roanoke Island. |
| Mission System | creates community around a catholic church; room, board, and religious services; many move there as a last choice; |
| Mestizos | a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)Pueblo Indians rose up against Spanish missionaries and settlers; established a short-lived confederacy |
| Hacienda System | King gifts an hacienda; people come from miles to live and work at the hacienda; paid money, but must pay for room and board; but cost > pay, became essentially slavery |
| “Black Legend” | ,”- term indicating an unfavorable image of Spain and Spaniards, accusing them of cruelty and intolerance, formerly prevalent in the works of many non-Spanish, and especially Protestant, historians. |
| Encomienda System | brutal spanish system of using native americans for labor andconsidered by many historians as one of the most damaging institutions that the Spanish colonists implemented in the New World |
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martjoshualopez
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