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ANP1040 CH8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 2 divisions of the skeleton. | Axial & appendicular |
| What parts of the skeleton make up the axial skeleton? | The skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column & thoracic cage (sternum & ribs). |
| What parts of the skeleton make up the appendicular skeleton? | Bones of the upper & lower limbs as well as the pelvic & pectoral girdles. |
| How many bones make up the skull? | 22 bones (8 cranial bones & 14 facial bones) |
| Name the 8 cranial bones. | Frontal (1), parietal (2), occipital (1), temporal (2), sphenoid (1), ethmoid (1) |
| Name the 14 facial bones | Maxilla (2), Palatine (2), Zygomatic (2), Lacrimal (2), Nasal (2), Inferior Nasal Concha (2), Vomer (1), Mandible (1) |
| Name the 6 bones that make up the auditory ossicles. | Malleus (2), Incus (2), Stapes (2) |
| What is unique about the hyoid bone? | It does NOT articulate w/ any other bone. |
| Name the 26 bones that make up the vertebral column. | Cervical vertebrae (7), Thoracic vertebrae (12), Lumbar vertebrae (5), Sacrum (1), Coccyx (1) |
| What is the special name & function of the first cervical vertebra (C1)? | Atlas - supports the head, has NO body, has a large vertebral foramen & is responsible for the allowing the head to "yes" nod. |
| What is the special name & function of the second cervical vertebra (C2)? | Axis - allows for head rotation, it is nestled into the vertebral foramen of the atlas, is the first vertebrae that has a spinous process. |
| A heavy blow to which cervical vertebra can be fatal? | C2 (Axis) |
| What is the articulation (joint) called where the atlas meets the cranium? | atlanto-occipital joint |
| What is the articulation (joint) called where the atlas meets the axis? | atlantoaxial joint |
| Which vertebrae have a transverse foramen? | Cervical vertebrae |
| What type of vertebrae have ribs attached to them? | Thoracic vertebrae. |
| What is unique about the appearance of thoracic vertebrae? | The spinous process points downward & the body is heart-shaped and larger than the cervical vertebrae. |
| What is the area called that ribs attach to on the thoracic vertebrae? | Costal facets |
| Which ribs to not attached to the transverse costal facets? | T11 & T12 (The 2 floating ribs) |
| What is the difference between an articular facet & a costal facet? | Articular facets are where one vertebra meets another. Costal facts are where ribs attach to the vertebrae. |
| How does the appearance of the spinous process differ between a thoracic vertebrae & a lumbar vertebra? | Thoracic spinous process are pointed sharply downward & the lumbar spinous process blunt and squarish in appearance. |
| What is unique about the articulation processes on the lumbar vertebrae? | They face one another like the palms of clapping hands. |
| What is the largest & most durable bone in the vertebral column? Hint: 5 seperate bones fused together make of this bony plate | Sacrum |
| What runs through the sacral canal & comes outs the sacral hiatus? | Nerve roots |
| On what part of the sacrum does the body of the 5th vertebra lie? | Sacral promontory |
| What part of the sacrum articulates to the L5 vertebra? | Superior articular process |
| What vertebrae are form the tailbone? | Coccygeal vertebrae |
| How are the coccygeal vertebrae labeled? | Co1 to Co4 |
| What is the function of the coccyx? | Provides a place for attachment of pelvic floor muscles |
| What is the general purpose of our vertebral column? | Physically supports the skull & trunk, allows for movement, absorbs stress produced by walking, running, lifting, provides attachment for limbs, thoracic cage & postural muscles. |
| How many total vertebrae do we have? | 33 |
| Name & describe the 3 types of abnormal vertebral curvatures. | Scoliosis (C or S shaped lateral curve), Lordosis (swayback curve in the lumbar spine), Kyphosis (hunchback curve in the cervical spine) |
| What makes up the "body" (centrum) of the vertebrae? | Spongy bone & red bone marrow surrounded by compact bone. |
| The cartilaginous pad that lies between the vertebrae is called ________________ and what is it's function. | intervertebral disc & functions as a shock absorber |
| What inside an intervertebral disc leaks out when the anulus fibrosus cracks or tears under stress? | nucleus pulposus |
| What is the opening between two vertebrae called & what is it's purpose? | intervertebral foramen - allows for passage of spinal nerves |
| What does the thoracic cage consist of & what is it's purpose? | Thoracic vertebrae, sternum & ribs forms a cage to protect the lungs, heart & provide attachment for the pectoral girdle & upper limbs |
| Name the 3 parts of the sternum. | Manubrium, body (gladiolus) & xiphoid process |
| How many do we have of the following: Total rib sets? True? False? Floating? | Total = 12 pairs True = 7 pairs False = 5 pairs including 2 pairs of floating ribs) |
| What type of cartilage makes up costal cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage |
| What marks the path of blood vessels & nerves on the rib? | Costal groove |
| What 2 bones make up the pectoral girdle? | Clavicle (collarbone) & Scapula (shoulder blade) |
| Name the joint where the medial end of the clavicle articulates w/ the sternum. | Sternoclavicular joint |
| Name the joint where the lateral end of the clavicle articulates w/ the scapula. | Acromioclavicular joint |
| Name the joint where the humerus articulates w/ the scapula. | Glenohumeral joint |
| What is the function of the pectoral girdle? | Supports the arm |
| Describe the appearance of the clavicle. | S-shaped, somewhat flat bone |
| Describe the appearance of the scapula (shoulder blade). | triangular plate that resembles a spade or shovel |
| Describe the 3 main features of the lateral angle (side towards the axilla) of the scapula. | Acromion - plate-like extension of the scapular spine, articulates w/ the clavicle Coracoid Process - shaped like bent finger, provides attachment for biceps brachii tendons & other muscles of arm Glenoid Cavity - shallow socket, artics w/head of humeru |
| Scapula Spine | |
| Name the 4 segments of the upper limb. | 1. Brachium (contains 1 bone - humerus in upper arm) 2. Antebrachium (contains 2 bones - radius & ulna in lower arm) 3. Carpus (contains 8 bones - two rows of carpal bones) 4. Manus (contains 19 bones - 5 metacarpals in palms & 14 phalanges in fingers) |
| How many bones make up the upper limb? | 30 bones |
| This end of the humerus has the following characteristics: - a hemispherical head that articulates w/ the glenoid cavity of the scapula. - an anatomical & surgical neck - a greater & lesser tubercles - a deltoid tuberosity | Proximal end of the humerus |
| This end of the humerus has the following characteristics: - a rounded capitulum that articulates w/ the radial head - a trochlea that articulates w/ the ulna - lateral & medial epicondyles - an olecranon fossa to holds the olecranon process of the ul | Distal end of the humerus Additional Note: Trochlea (medial side of the smooth condyle) Capitulum (lateral side of the smooth condyle) |
| Radius | Radius |
| Ulna | Ulna |
| What type of movement(s) do the 8 carpal bones allow? | Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction |
| Name the carpal bones in the proximal row. Hint: 4 bones | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform |
| Name the carpal bones in the distal row. Hint: 4 bones | Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| Name the 3 sections of a phalange begin with the end closest to the body. | Proximal phalanx, Middle Phalanx, Distal Phalanx |
| Which epicondyle protects the ulnar nerve & where is it located? (Often referred to as our funny bone) | Medial epicondyle located at the distal end of the humerus. |
| What is the thumb called & how many phalanges does it have? | Pollex (2 phalanges) |
| Name the 3 bones that make up the pelvic girdle. | Complete ring composed of 2 hip (coxal) bones & the sacrum. |
| Describe the structure of the pelvis & its function. | Bowl-shaped structure composed of 2 coxal bones & the sacrum as well as the ligaments & muscles that line the pelvic cavity & form its floor. It supports trunk on the lower limbs & protects viscera, lower colon, urinary bladder & internal repro organs |
| Name the joint that joins the hipbone to the vertebral column. | Sacroiliac joint |
| The region where the 2 pubic bones are joined by an interpubic disc. | Pubic symphysis |
| ____________________ is a round margin that separates the greater (false) pelvic & lesser (true) pelvic. | Pelvic brim |
| The opening circumscribed by brim that infant's head must pass during birth is called ______________________. | Pelvic inlet |
| _______________________ is the lower margin of the lesser pelvis. | Pelvic outlet |
| Name the 3 distinct features of the hip bone. | - Iliac crest (superior crest of hip) - Acetabulum (hip socket) - Obturator foramen (large hole below acetabulum) |
| The adult hip bone results from the fusion of 3 childhood bones. Name the 3 bones. | Ilium, ischium & pubis |
| Describe the characteristics of the following: Ilium | - Largest bone that makes up the hip bone - Extends from the iliac crest to the center of the acetabulum - Greater sciatic notch that the sciatic nerve passes through |
| Describe the characteristics of the following: Ischium | - Is the inferoposterior portion of the hipbone - Has an ischial tuberosity that supports the body when sitting |
| Describe the characteristics of the following: Pubis (pubic bone) | - Most anterior portion of the hipbone - Has a superior & inferior ramus - Has a triangular body |
| List some of the characteristics of the FEMALE pelvis. | - lesser pelvis is wider & more shallow than male pelvis - adapts for pregnancy & childbirth - larger pelvic inlet & outlet for passage of infant's head - upper end tilted forward - pelvic inlet is round or oval - Suprapubic angle > 90 degree |
| List some of the characteristics of the MALE pelvis. | - lesser pelvis is narrower & deeper - heavier & thicker due to forces exerted by strong muscles - pelvic inlet is heart-shaped - Suprapubic angle 90 degress or less |
| Name the 4 segments of the lower limb. | 1. Femoral region (thigh) - (contains femur) 2. Crural region (leg proper) - (contains tibia & fibula) 3. Tarsal region (tarsus aka ankle) - (contains tarsal bones) 4. Pedal region (pes aka foot) - (contains 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges) |
| Name the bone w/ the following characteristics: - longest & strongest bone of the body - head articulates w/the acetabulum - forms a ball & socket joint - has a greater & lesser trochanter for muscle attachment - medial & lateral epicondyles distally | The Femur |
| Where is the intercondylar fossa located? | Between the medial & lateral epicondyles of the femur |
| ____________________ is a smooth medial depression located on the anterior surface of the femur that articulates w/ the patella. | Patellar surface |
| _____________________ is a flat or slightly depressed area on the posterior surface of the femur. | Popliteal surface |
| Name the bone w/ the following characteristics: - triangular sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of the knee - quadriceps femoris tendon extends from anterior muscle of thigh to this bone | Patella |
| Name the ligament from the patella to the tibia. | Patellar ligament |
| Tibia | Tibia |
| Fibula | Fibula |
| Ankle & Foot | Ankle & Foot |
| Ankle & Foot | Ankle & Foot |
| Ankle & Foot | Ankle & Foot |
| Name 9 common types of bone markings. | - Ridges - Spines - Bumps - Depressions - Canals - Pores - Slits - Cavities - Articular surfaces |
| What is the total # of bones in an adult skeleton? | 206 |
Created by:
shaston001
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