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Stack #107700
Question | Answer |
---|---|
5000-10000/mm3 | WBC |
4.5 -5.5 mil | RBC |
12-16 g/dl | HGB |
35-55 % | HCT |
150000-400000/MM3 | PLATELETS |
135-145 mEq/l | SODIUM |
3.5-5 mEq/l | POTASSIUM |
95-105mEq/l | Cl- |
4.5-5.5mEq/l | Ca++ |
1.5-2.5 mEq/l | MAGNESIUM |
8-20 mg/dl | BUN |
0.5-1.5 mg/dl | Creatinine |
3.5-5.0 g/dl | Albumin |
60-100 mg/dl | FBS |
pH | 7.35-7.45 |
paC02 | 35-45 mm Hg |
pa02 | 80-100 mg Hg |
HCO3 | 22-26 mEq |
Troponin | < .03ng troponin t < .2 ng AMI, cardiac chest pain myocardial damage |
PT | 10-13 sec |
PTT | 60-70 secs |
A1C glycosylated Hgb | 5.5-9% of total Hgb nondiabetic 2-5% Diabetic Control 2.5-6% Diabetic Uncontrol over 8% |
UA | Color Light straw to dark amber appearance clear Odor Aromatic pH 4.5-8.0 SG 1.003-1.030 WBC 3-4 RBC 1-2 |
HCT INCREASE | CHRONIC HYPOXIA, SEVERE DEHYDRRATION, BURNS |
HCT DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, ANEMIA, CIRRHOSIS |
HGB | PARTIAL MEASUREMENT OF THE BODY'S OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY |
HGB INCREASE | HIGH ALTITUDES, COPD, CHF |
HGB DECREASED | HEMORRHAGE, CANCER, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA |
WBC | DEFEND BODY AGAINST INFECTIONS |
PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW | WBC |
WBC INCREASE | INCREASE IN INFECTION, TRAUMA, STRESS, INFLAMMATION |
WBC DECREASE | DECREASE IN DRUG TOXICITY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, BONE MARROW FAILURE |
NEUTROPHILS INCREASE | BACTERIAL INFECTION |
MONOCYTES INCREASE | RECOVERY OF INFECTION |
LYMPHOCYTES | FIGHTS CHRONIC BACTERAL AND ACUTE VIRAL INFECTION |
RBC FUNCTION | DELIVER OXYGEN TO CELLS |
RBC INCREASE | IN HIGH ALTITUDES, DEHYDRATION, SEVERE DIARRHEA |
RBC DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, ANEMIA, CANCER PREGNANCY, AND CHRONIC ILLNESS |
PLATELETS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR | CLOTTING, CLUMP TOGETHER WITH VESSEL INJURY |
PLATELETS INCREASE | CANCER, TRAUMA, CIRRHOSIS |
PLATELETS DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, LEUKEMIA, LIVER DISEASE, CHEMOTHERAPY |
PT MEASURES | CLOTTING ABILITY |
WHEN GIVING COUMIDIN LOOK AT WHAT LABS | PT AND INR |
ALBUMIN DECREASE INDICATES | PROTEIN MALNUTRITION, DECREASE IN HEALING |
SODIUM DOES WHAT | FLUID BALANCE, CONDUCTS NERVE IMPULSES |
POTASSIUM DOES WHAT | NEUROMUSCULAR IMPULSES, ACID BASE BALANCE, KIDNEYS SECRETE |
CALCIUM DOES WHAT | MUSCLE CONTRACTION, BLOOD COAGUALATION |
CALCIUM | STORED IN BONES, NERVE IMPULSES |
MAGNESIUM | NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION |
SODIUM SOURCES | TABLE SALT |
CAUSES OF HYPONATREMIA | INCREASED PERSPIRATION, DRINKING PLAIN WATER, GI SUCTION AND IRRIGATION WITH PLAIN WATER, POTENT DIURETICS, burns, inflammation |
LOW SODIUM SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | LETHARGY, HYPOTENSION, VOMITING, OLIGURIA, CRAMPS |
CAUSES OF HYPERNATREMIA | DECREASED WATER INTAKE, DIARRHEA, IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION |
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF YPERNATREMIA | EDEMA, DRY STICKY MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ELEVATED TEMP, FLUSHED SKIN, THIRST |
CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | DIURETICS, BURNS, TRAUMA, COLITIS |
CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | UNCONTROLLED DIABETES, EXCESSIVE PERSPIRATION, KIDNEY DISEASE |
CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | KIARRHEA, VOMITING, GASTRIC SUCTION, CHF |
S & S OF LOW POTASSIUM | CARDIAC IRREGULARITIES, DYSPNEA, RESPIRATORY ARREST, DECREASED BP, DECREASED REFLEXES, V, FLATULENCE, MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION |
Kt NI | I&O, ORAL OR IV INTAKE OF Kt, EKG CHANGES, CHECK POT LEVEL, CHECK RENAL FUNC |
EXCESSIVE CAUSES OF POTASSIUM | INGESTION OF POT, RENAL FAILURE, DIURETICS, NaCl substitutes, chemo, gi bleeding, burns |
S&S of increased pot level | oliguria, nausea, weakness, diarrhes, cramps, cardiac dysrhythmias |
calcium sources | milk, chees, sardines, salmon |
causes of low calcium | massive infection, burns, acute pancreatitis, |
S&S of hypocalcium | cramps, tingling, numbness, hyperactive reflexes, cardiac dysrhythmias, trousseuau's sign |
calcium nI | teach proper use of antacids, teach proper use of laxatives |
Excess Calcium causes | excessive v-D ingestion, cacer, thiazide diuretics, prolonged bedrest, renal disease |
S&S of excessive calcium | renal calculi, anorexia, dehydration, wt. loss, EKG changes, deep bone pain, muscle weakness, flank pain, lethargy |
NI for increase calcium | increase mobility, diuresis, avoid large doses of V-D, adequate hydration |
Cl- sources | table salt |
causes of low chloride | decreased dietary intake, diarrhea, vomiting, gastric suctioning |
S&S of low chloride | depressed breathing, hypertonicity, agitation, edema, dyspnea, increased HR, HTN |
Dehydration causes | increase HR and Pulse |
NI for Low Chloride | salty broth, oral or IV chloride meds |
Excessive Causes of Chloride | dehydration, excessive ingestion of ammonium chloride |
S&S of excessive chloride | metabolic acidosis, tachypnea, weakness, decreased cognitive ability |
NI for excessive Chloride | assess respirations, assess neuro status, IV of Lactate Ringers |
Magnesium is for | neuromuscular function |
Magnesium Value | 1.7 mEz-2.3 mEq/L |
Sources of Mg+ | fruit, peas, beans, nuts |
causes of hypomagnesemia | vomiting, diarrhea, chronic alcoholism, impaired GI absorption |
S&S of Hypomagnesemia | disorientation, convulsion, hyperactive deep reflexes, tremors |
NI for hypomagnesemia | seizure precautions |
causes for increase magnesiam-hypermagnesia | chronic renal insufficiency, excessive magnesium containing antacids, dehydration |
S&S of Hypermagnesia | hypotension, respiratory paralysis |
BUN decrease | severe liver damage, low protein diet, overhydration, malnutrition, IV fluids(gluclose) |
BUN increase | dehydration; high protein intake, gi bleeding, prerenal failure, renal blood supply caused by CHF, DM, AMI, renal failure, diuretics, licorice, ATB, antihypertensive agents |
creatinine increase | acute and chronic renal failure, cancer ,hodgkins', leukemias |
creatinine decrease | pregnancy, eclampsia |
FBS decrease | hypoglycemic reaction insulin excess, cancer malnutrition, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver |
FBS increase | DM, diabetes acidosis, cushing's syndrome, AMI, stress burns, infections, renal failure CHF, hyperglycemia |
albumin increase | dehydration, exercise |
albumin decreased | chronic liver disease, malnutrition, starvation, HF, Chronic renal failure, Burns, SLE, malabsorption syndrome |
ph less than 7.35 is | acidosis |
ph greater than 7.45 is | alkalosis |
A1C increase | uncontrolled dm, hyperglycemia, alcohol ingestion, pregnancy , hemodialysis |
A1C decrease | anemias, thalassemia, long-term blood loss, chronic renal failure |
PTT decrease | extensive cancer |
PTT increase | factor deficiency, cirrhosis of the liver V-K deficiency, leukemias, malaria, heparin, salicylates |
PT decreased | Thrombophelebitis, mi, pulmonary embolism |
PT increase | liver diseases, chf, erythroblastosis fetalis, keukemias |
respiratory acidosis | paco2 goes up and ph goes down |
respiratory alkalosis | paco2 goes down and ph goes up |
metabolic acidosis | ph down and hco3 down |
metabolic alkalosis | phup and hco3 up |
pac02 is not abnormal | no respiratory dysfunction |
resp alkalosis | ph up |
resp acidosis | ph down |
hco3 and ph same elevator | metabolic problem |
pao2 normal, mild hhpoxemia | 80-100 mmHg, 70-80 mmHg |
moderate hypox, severe hypox | 60-70 mmHg , 60 or less |