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male/female GU
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Normal testes should feel? (texture, movable/fixed, pressure) | oval, smooth, firm/rubbery, equal on both sides. freely movable, slightly tender to more pressure. |
What are some traits that the scrotal skin shouldn’t be? (texture) | dry, scaly, nodular, with any massess |
What causes black stool (tarry/non)? Frothy and clay-colored stool? | black: tarry blood from GI bleeding or non-tarry due to iron meds frothy: excess fat clay-colored: absence of bile pigment |
What history should you start female GI exam with? | something comfortable, such as menstrual hx |
What position should the female pt be in if examining genitalia? | in a lithotomy position |
Why should you use left lateral decubitus position for rectal area? | X |
Why does the uterus shrink? What structure becomes impalpable and shrinks after menopause? | Shrinks due to decreased myometrium. Ovaries become impalpable. |
Sacral ligaments relax and pelvic musculature weakens, causing ____. | uterus drooping |
Vaginal epithelium dies out, becoming ____, ___, and __. (what happens to pH & secretions?) | thinner, drier, and itchy. pH rises (alkaline) and frequency of secretions decrease |
What shrinks and becomes paler? | cervix |
If the vaginal epithelium becomes thinner and drier, what does this increase risk of? | vaginitis and bleeding |
In what two situations should you not obtain a pap smear in? | heavy infectious discharge and menstruation |
What should you instruct not to do a day before the pap smear? | have sex, douche, put anything into vagina |
The cervical os in a nulliparous woman is ____. | small and rounded |
Cervical os in a parous woman is | horizontal, irregular slit |
Parous vs nulliparous woman | parous: given childbirth |
what is an abnormal finding of cervix | red, inflamed or pallor. |