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AP US History Unit 5
AP US History Unit 5 (Chapter 14, 15, and 17)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Ancient Order of Hibernians? | a secret society of Irishmen who aided the poor through acts such as engaging in battle with landlords |
| What was Molly Maquircs? | a union of Irish miners in the Pennsylvania coal districts |
| Who were nativists? | Catholic Americans who were prejudiced against immigrants |
| What was the Order of the Star Spangled Banner? | a political group of "know-nothings" who supported rigid restrictions on immigration and deportation and also wrote fictional literature and participated in acts of mass violence |
| What was the Industrial Revolution? | a transformation from economically weak and outdated agriculture, transportation, and communication into more advanced and efficient systems |
| Who was Samuel Slater? | known as the "father of the American Factory System" because he memorized factory blueprints from Britain and brought them overseas to America |
| What was the Cotton Gin and who invented it? | a machine built by Eli Whitney that popularized both slavery and cotton |
| What was the Sewing Machine, who originally invented it, and who later perfected it? | an invention created by Elias Howe and perfected by Isaac Singer that gave rise to the ready-made clothing industry |
| Who was Samuel Morse? | a man who gained 30 grand from the government in order to set up a system of instant communication known as a telegraph |
| What was "Commonwealth versus Hunt"? | an event where Massachusetts declared that the controversial labor unions--consisting of child laborers and ten hour work days--were not conspiracies and were, in fact, highly honorable |
| Who was Catharine Beecher? | the daughter of Harriet Beecher Stowe who pushed for female schoolteachers |
| What was the Cult of Domesticity? | a widespread cultural creed that glorified the supposed customs of women (cooking, cleaning, raising the children) and sparked the feminism movement |
| Who was Cyrus McCormick? | the inventor of a mechanical mower-reaper which helped to expand the agricultural market |
| Who was Robert Fulton? | the installer of the steam engine and the creator of the steamboat, feats which connected the west to the south |
| What was Clermont? | the very first steamboat |
| Who was Governor Dewitt Clinton? | the governor of New York who was at the head of the building of the Erie Canal (a canal connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River) |
| What were Clipper Ships? | ships produced in Yankee naval yards in the mid 1800's that sacrificed cargo room for speed |
| What was the Pony Express? | a system created in 1860 that carried mail from Mississippi to Sacramento; however, it failed after 18 months due to a lack of profit |
| What was the Transportation Revolution? | a movement created by the desire to immigrate from the east to the west that led to the creation of the national railroad |
| What was Tammany Hall? | a New York political organization that Irish immigrants used in order to gain political influence |
| What was Unitarianism? | a belief that God existed solely as one being (disagreed with the phrase "the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit") |
| What was the Second Great Awakening? | a reaction to the increase of liberalism in religions that shattered many churches and reformed them with new religions that supported good deeds, the good side in human nature rather than the evil, and strove to create perfect societies |
| Who was Charles Finney? | one of the greatest preachers during the Second Great Awakening |
| What was the Burned-Over District? | an area in western New York filled with the remaining Puritans |
| Who were Millerites and where did they recieve their nickname? | people who arose from the Burned-Over District led by William Miller (the source of the nickname) and declared that Christ would ascend to the earth on 10/22/1844 |
| Who was Joseph Smith? | a man who claimed that he had received golden plates from an angel inscribed with the Book of Mormon |
| Who were Mormons? | followers of Joseph Smith and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints |
| Who was Brigham Young? | a follower of Joseph Smith who helped Mormons to escape persecution by leading them to the territory of Utah |
| Who was Horace Mann? | a graduate of Brown University who successfully campaigned for more and better school houses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, and an expanded curriculum |
| Who was Noah Webster? | a Yale graduate who advanced education by writing the famous Webster Dictionary that was published in 1828 |
| Who was Susan B. Anthony? | a woman who, after being denied the privilege to be taught long division, became a leader of the feminism movement |
| Who was Emma Willard? | a woman who established a secondary level women's school (which later also admitted men) known as Troy Female Seminary |
| Who was Dorothea Dix? | was a physically frail woman who passionately travelled 60 thousand miles throughout a period of 8 years in order to write critical reports on insanity and asylums with firsthand observations |
| What was the American Temperance Society? | a society against intoxication by alcohol who implored many to sign a temperance treaty |
| What was the Maine Law? | prohibited the manufacturing and sale of liquor, however this was declared unconstitutional |
| Who was Lucretia Mott? | a sprightly Quaker whose ire had been aroused when she and her fellow female delegates to London antislavery convention of 1840 were not recognized, and so she became a member of the feminist movement |
| Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton? | a mother of seven who insisted on leaving “obey” out of her marriage ceremony and advocated suffrage for women |
| Who was Margaret Fuller? | a woman who edited a transcendentalist journal and took part in the struggle to bring unity and republican government to Italy |
| What was the Woman's Rights Convention? | a convention that took place in Seneca Falls, New York, 1848, where Elizabeth Stanton read a “Declaration of Sentiments” and officially launched the women’s rights movement |
| What was Stanton's Declaration of Sentiments? | a declaration giving the emotional and critical view of all women on their supposed roles in society |
| What was the Oneida Community? | a Utopian society founded in New York in 1848 that practiced free love, birth control, and selection of parents for superb offspring; it was the most successful experiment of its kind and flourished for 30 years |
| Who were the Shakers? | a group of people that began in the 1770’s as a religious community, but they prohibited marriage and sexual relations and so they became extinct by 1940 |
| Who was Louis Agassiz? | a French-Swiss immigrant who served for a ¼ century at Harvard; he insisted on original research and deplored the reigning overemphasis on memory work |
| What was noteworthy about the Hudson River School? | they excelled in art that showed romantic mirroring of local landscapes |
| Who was Washington Irvin? | the first American to win international recognition as a literary figure (The Sketch Book) |
| Who was James Fenimore Cooper? | the first American novelist to gain world fame and to make New World themes respectable (The Last of the Mohicans, The Spy) |
| What was transcendentalism? | an idea rejecting the suggestion that knowledge comes to the mind through the senses; they believed that truth transcends the senses and it cannot be found by observation alone |
| Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson? | a Unitarian minister, a poet, a philosopher, and a favorite of lyceum lecturing; his public event, “The American Scholar,” is his most well-known feat which urged Americans to sway from their European traditions |
| Who was Henry David Thoreau? | a close associate of Emerson; a poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, and a nonconformist; he is best known for Walden: Or Life in the Woods. His writing encouraged Gandhi to resist British rule in India |
| Who was Walt Whitman? | a poet who wrote the famous collection Leaves of Grass and other works centered on romance and sex; his informal title was “Poet Laureate of Democracy” |
| Who was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow? | a professor who taught modern languages at Harvard and came to be one of the most popular poets ever produced in America (Evangeline) |
| Who was James Lowell? | a professor at Harvard who ranks as one of America’s better poets, essayists, literary critics, editors, and diplomats (Biglow Papers) |
| Who was Oliver Wendell Holmes? | a prominent poet, essayist, novelist, lecturer, and wit; he was a nonconformist and a conversationalist, and his poem “The Last Leaf,” came to apply to himself, for when he died he was the “last leaf” among his distinguished contemporaries |
| Who was Louisa May Alcott? | a woman who Little Women and other books supporting her mothers and sisters |
| Who was Edgar Allen Poe? | a poet who suffered cold, hunger, poverty, debt, and the burning desire to succeed at suicide (The Raven) |
| What famous novel did Nathaniel Hawthorne write? | The Scarlet Letter |
| Who was Herman Melville and what did he write? | a whaler who's adventures inspired his novel Moby Dick |
| Who was John Tyler? | Harrison's vice president who became president after Harrison's death; he didn't have a political party but supported Democrat ideals |
| What did the Tariff of 1842 do for America? | it helped to pull it out of its economic depression |
| Who was Lord Ashburton? | a British lord who was married to an American woman and negotiated the Webster-Ashburton treaty |
| What was the Webster-Ashburton treaty? | the compromise between the US and Britain over Maine boundaries that resolved that the US would recieve 7/12 thousand square miles of the territory |
| What was the Hudson Bay Company? | the most important colonizing agency who was also trading profitably with the Indians of the Pacific Northwest for furs |
| Who was James K. Polk? | a surprise candidate in the election of 1844 who became president; speaker of the House of Representatives for four years and governor of Tennessee for two terms |
| What was Manifest Destiny? | the idea that America was destined to spread westward and colonize all of North America |
| What was ironic about the Liberty Party? | they were against the annexation of Texas and yet they subdued Clay by electing Polk, thus annexing Texas |
| Who was John Slidell? | a minister sent to Mexico to negotiate a purchase of California for 25 grand |
| Who was Zachary Taylor? | a general of the US army who led troops to the Rio Grande river in a battle which began the war |
| Where did the term spot resolutions come from? | Abraham Lincoln requested to see the exact spots where American blood had been shed on American soil |
| Who was Stephen Kearny? | a general who led a detachment of troops over the Santa Fe Trail to assist in the fight against Mexico |
| Who was John Fremont? | a man who "just so happened" to be there when America needed more troops at Buena Vista |
| Who was Winfield Scott? | the general to whom the expedition to Mexico City was entrusted; deemed to be the most distinguished general produced by its country in the 1800’s |
| What was the Bear Flag Revolt? | a period of rebellion by American settlers of the Bear Flag Republic against Mexico |
| Who was Nicholas Trist? | the chief clerk of the State Department and the signer of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo guarantee? | agreed that America could buy California off of Mexico for 15 million |
| Who were the Conscience Whigs? | antislavery Whigs in Congress who denounced the war against Mexico |
| What did David Wilmot propose? | the Wilmot Proviso which stipulated that slavery should never exist in any of the territory to be wrested from Mexico. |
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