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Nursing Unit Exam 4
Nursing Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogen | Pathogen can be in or out of the body. Pathogen is a disease producing microorganism. |
| Factors required for infection to spread | 1. The number of organism 2. The virulence of the organism (strength) 3. The weaken immmune system 4. The links and closeness of contact |
| Ways body resist infection | 1. Intact skin and mucous membrane 2. Normal PH levels of gastric secretion 3. White Blood Cells within normal range 4. Good general health 5. Immunization 6. Stress at a healthy level 7. Other factors (age, race, hederity) |
| Imflammatory Response | 1. Anti inflammatory response 2. Redness and warmth 3. Wall off- A barrier to prevent the spread 4. Bacteria is killed off and pus is produced 5. It is removed and the healing begin (Fibrous Tissue is the formation of the scar) |
| Systemic response to inflammation | 1. Fever 2. White Blood Cells 3. Maillase (genral discomfort) 4. Drowsiness and sluggish |
| Cardinal response (local inflammation) | 1. Swelling 2. Warmth 3. Pain 4. Redness 5. Decrease function in the affected area |
| Reason for cold application | 1. Control bleeding 2. Prevent swelling 3. Cools the body 4. Relieves superficial pain 5. Muscle spasm |
| Reason for hot application | 1. Inflammation 2. Contracture 3. Joint stiffness 4. Muscle spasm 5. Pain 6. Rewarm the body part 7. Hasten healing |
| 3 Categories of surgery | 1. Degree of urgency 2. Degree of risk 3. Based on purpose |
| Degree of Urgency | 1. Emergency- Patient require immediate surgery within the hour (save organs) 2. Urgent- It has to be done within a day (appendix) 3. Required/Elective- should have surgery but in no hurry (back problem, hernia) 4. Optional- Cosmetic surgery, your choi |
| Degree of Risk | Major or minor |
| Based on Purpose | 1. Diagnostic-Confirm/determine diagnosis 2. Ablative-Take out diseased part 3. Reconstructive-help restore function 4. Transplantation-Take out old organ and put in new 5. Constructive-construct function that wasnt there 6. Palliative-help with sym |
| Types of Anesthesia | 1. General- IV or inhalation 2. Regional- Injected near a nerve or nerve pathway 3. Topical- Used on open skin surface, wounds and its spray on because if injected then its regional |
| Moderate Sedation | Conscious sedation- patient can respond verbally but amnesia can happen and they maintain their airways |
| Goals in Pre-Op Teaching | 1. Promote lung ventilation and blood oxygenation 2. Promote deliberate body movement post-op to improve circulation 3. To assess and manage pain 4. Promote a sense of well-being |
| Preparing the Patient Physically | 1. Hygiene and skin prep 2. Elimination 3. Possible urinary catherization 4. Nutrition and fluid 5. Rest and sleep |
| Goals of Post-Op Care | 1. Maintain function 2. Promote recovery and healing 3. Facilitate coping with alterations and structure or function |
| Hypovolemic Vs. Hypervolemia | Hypovolemic- Too little fluid Hypervolemia- Too much fluid |
| Members of the Surgical Team | 1. Patient 2. Circulating Nurse 3. Scrub Nurse 4. Surgeon 5. Anesthesiologist (captain of patient care) 6. Register Nurse First Assistant 7. Advanced Practice Nurse |
| Levels of prevention | 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary |
| Primary Prevention | Is concerned with health promotion and specific protection against the disease- Activities that are designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease |
| Secondary Prevention | Focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to halt the progression- Screening activities and education for detection of early stages of illness |
| Tertiary Prevention | Concerned with prevention of disease progression or re occurrence and rehab for no further complications |
| 12 Leading Health Indicators | Were selected on the basis on their ability to promote action, the ability of data to measure progress, and their importance as public health issues |
| What is stress? | A condition in which the human system respond in a normal state |
| Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic | Sympathetic- Increase heart rate Para sympathetic- Slows heart rate |
| Four Levels of Anxiety | 1. Mild 2. Moderate 3. Severe 4. Panic |
| Functions of Water | 1. Transporting nutrient to cells and waste from cells 2. Transport hormones, blood 3. Facilitate cellular metabolism 4. Acts as a solvent 5. Help maintain body temperature 6. Facilitate digestion 7. Tissue lubricant |
| Extracellular Fluid | 1. Intravascular- in the vascular space (blood vessels) 2. Interstitial- outside the cell (between the cells) 3. Transcellular- Joint space (the fluid in spine and brain) |
| Major Cations in Body | 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Calcium 4. Hydrogen 5. Magnesium |
| Major Anions in Body | 1. Chloride 2. Bicarbonate 3. Phosphate |
| Different Kind of Solution | 1. Isotonic- the same concentration 2. Hypertonic- greater concentration 3. Hypotonic- lesser concentration |
Created by:
nonelily
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