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Public Health
Environmental Health Risks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is environmental justice? | The concept that refers to the disproportionately high exposures of low-income and minority populations to environmental health risks, such as air pollution, hazardous waste incinerators, toxic landfills, pesticides, lead exposure, & unsafe drinking water |
| What are the leading causes of accidental death in the home? | poisonings and falls |
| What are the most common substances responsible for poisoning deaths? | Illicit drugs, pain medications, cleaning substances, mushrooms, shellfish, and houshold poisons (pesticides). |
| What type of posioning are the elderly at increased risk for? | Poisoning from prescription medications, r/t a comprimising health condition, medication interactions, possible dementia, and failing eyesight. |
| What is the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths for adults older than 75? | Falls |
| What is the third highest cause of home death? | Fires and burns |
| What is the leading cause of injury death in toddlers? | drowning |
| What are some sources of radon in the home and what are its effects? | Soil or rock under the home; well water; building materials. Exposure increases respriatory symptoms; many cancer deaths among nonsmokers are assoicated with exposure. |
| At what blood level is lead considered harmful? | 10 ug/dL |
| What are S&S of chronic lead exposure? | Colic, constipation, and upper extremity weakness. |
| What is one way to decrease exposure to formaldehyde? | Increase ventilation by opeing windows and allowing fresh air to come in. |
| What is one of the most common causes of INDOOR air pollution? | Environmental tobacco smoke. |
| Why would an infant be more affected by a household "bug bomb" than an adult? | The infan'ts breathing zone is near the floor, where the concentration remains high for longer periods of time b/c of carpet and crevices. Infant skin is also more permeable to these chemicals. |
| Also known as the right-to know legislation, what OSHA regulation requires all manufacurers and distributers of hazardous chemicals to have MSDSs identifying the potential effects of the chemicals? | The Hazard Communication Standard, passed in 1986. |
| What is the role of the occupational and environmental health nurse? | Promotion, protections, and maintenance of the health and safety of workers. |
| List the 6 interdisciplinary specialties of occupational and environmental health. | Toxicologist, industrial hygienist, occupational physician, safety specialist, ergonomist, and epidemiologist. |
| List the 10 functional roles of an occupational/environmental nurse. | Clinician, case manager, occupational health service coordinator, health promotion specialist, manager, nurse practitioner, corporate director, consultant, educator, and researcher. |
| What is the "Precautionary Principle"? | States that if there is some evidence of a relationship between toxic substances/environmental hazards & human health,even if scientific evidence of cause-effect isn't available,precautionary measures should be taken to protect the environ. & human health |
| What two A vectorborne diseases have become a problem recently amongh outdoor workers? | Lyme disease and West Nile Virus |
| What is the most common parisite spread by human feces? | roundworm; ascaris lumbricoides. A common complication of infestation is intestinal obstruction r/t a bolus of worms. |
| What two factors contribute to the spread of infection among daycares? | The presence of children in diapers and children's natural tendency to put objects in their mouths. |
| OSHA standards require that sound levels in the workplace not exceed what level? | 90dB in an 8 hour period. |
| What is ionizing radiation? | It is produced when atoms disintegrate. Ex: x-ray mahcines, cosmic rays, uranium, radon, nuclear power plants, television sets, atomic fallout. |
| What is nonionizing radiation? | A lower energy form that transforms energy into heat. Ex: microwaves, sun lamps, sunlight, lasers, UV rays, television and radio waves. |
| What is the largest source of man-made exposure to ionizing radiation? | x-rays |
| What existing health conditions does air pollution have the most effect on? | It aggrevates asthma and cardiac and chronic pulmonary diseases and increases the susceptibility of persons with acute repiratory illnesses. |
| What are the 2 essential types of air pollution? | The oxidizing atmosphere caused by photochemical smog (vehicle fumes) and the byproducts of buring fossil fuels (coal and oil). |
Created by:
shanebarnes1978
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