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Ch 42 - Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The endocrine system works inconjunction with this system? | Nervous System |
| Which system's effects are slower, but effects are longer? Nervous or Endocrine? | Endorine |
| These are gladns that relases secretions into ducts? | Exocrine glands |
| If a hormone is release directly into the bloodsteam, which gland did it originate from? | Endocrine gland |
| This is a substand which is created by one or more cells and has a physiological control over a tissue. | Hormone |
| This is a gland that is very important in immune response and in childern? | Thymus |
| What type of gland is the heart and what does it produce? | It is an endocrine gland and it produces BNP |
| What type of feedback system is used by the endocrine system? | Negative feed back. |
| What are the two general classifications of hormones? | Lipid-soluble (steroid & thyroid) Water-soluble (Peptide/protein based) |
| What are the general charactrics of Lipid-solubles hormones? | The are smaller size, Higher lipid-solubility Pentrate cell membrains and interact with intracellar receptors. Slower action |
| What are the general charactrics of Water-solubles hormones? | Interact with the receptor sites on the cell serface. Act with in seconds or mins. |
| What changes to the skin may be due to endocrine disfunction? | Thinning of the skin, edema, buffalo hump. |
| What changes to the face and eyes may be due to endocrine disfunction? | Moon Face, Proptosis (bug eyed), Facial hair in women. |
| What condition may you see if a person has an excess amount of growth hormone, after puberty? | Acromegaly |
| What is indicated if you respond to a diagnostic stimulation test? | That the endocrine disfunction is located in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. |
| An eosinophalic turmor in childern will lead to what condition? | Gigantism - will cause muscular weakness |
| What condition will eosinophalic turmor cause in adults? | Acromegaly - will cause muscular weakness |
| What s/s will you see in acromegaly? | Growth of soft tissue. They will have a prominate aw and brow. Fingers, hands, and toes will contuine to grown. |
| This condition will dead to Cushing syndrome and hperadrenalism (excess of ACTH)? | Basophilic tumors |
| What are the s/s of basophilic tumors? | Truncal obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, polycythmia. It will also cause masculinization and amenorrhea. |
| 90% of all pituitary tumors can be catagorized as this type of tumor? | Chromophobic tumor |
| A chromophobic tumor does not produce any hormones, so how does it effect the body. | It destroys the pituitary gland. |
| What condtions would you expect to see in someone suffering from a chromophobic tumor? | The will have a decrease in basal metabolic rate and temperature and will have polyphagia, which will cause obesity. They will also have HA, hair to become fine, polyuria, and a loss of libido. |
| If you have a tumor less than 10mm, which type of hypophysectomy will normally be used? | Transsphenoidal approach. It is also the general approach for tumor removeal. |
| How will the size of the turmor be determined? | CT and MRI |
| When will a total hypophysectomy be preformed and what intravention must be completed by the pt for the rest of their life? | If there is a large tumor and the pt will have use replacement hormones for the rest of their life. |
| What is the benifit of the proton beam radiation? | The beam is extremely narrow, so there is less damage to the non turmorious cells. |
| What is the function of somatostatin such as: Octreotide, lanretotide, pegvisomant? | It reduces the production of growth hormones. |
| After surgery or radiation what drug will the pt have to take to replace GH? | Somatotropin |
| Bromocriptine (parlodel) | Dopamine agonist (reduces productiona dn release of GH) |
| You have a pt who has experinced a head trauma and is experincing Polyuria. What gland is damaged and which hormone is deficient and what condition is this pt suffering from? | Posterior Pituitary, ADH and a deficiency can cause Diabetes Insipidus |
| What are the s/s of Diabetes Insipidus? | Polydipsia (craving cold water and drinking 2-20L/day) Polyuria (urine spec gravity of 1.001-1.005) |
| What are some of the cause of DI? | Head trauma, brain tumor, meds, surgical procedures (hyphophysectomy) |
| Fluid deprivation test | With hold water for 8-12 hours, until 3-5% of body weight is loss. A positive result is if the pt is unable to increase urine spec gravity. |
| How would we treat DI? | DDAVP, given by nasal spray q 12hrs. |
| What is the benifit of DDAVP (vasopressing0? | It does not have the vascular effects of natural ADH. (still have to watch BP) |
| What education will this pt have to receive? | That they will have to have DDAVP on their person at all times. |
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