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HTN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Manifestations of PAD | Claudication Rest Pain dependent rubor thick toenails skin breakdown gray-blue skin |
| Medications for PAD | Plavix Pletal Trental |
| Non surgical management of PAD | exercise positioning not above the heart promote vasodilation (warmth) no smoking foot care |
| Diagnostic test for PAD | Arterography (inject contrast to check circulations) |
| Treatment of PAD | angioplasty bypass graft endarterectomy (removal plaque) |
| What is thromboangitis obliterans? | aka: Burger's disease inflammation and thrombus formation and vasospasms of small and mid sized arteries. tobacco smoking often identified painful ulcers and gangrene may develop as a result of severely impaired blood flow. |
| What is Raynaud's Phenomenon? | caused by vasospasm of the arterioles and arteries drugs: procardia, cardizem |
| Nursing care for Raynaud's | 1. warm gloves 2. no smoking 3. swing arms back and forth 4. decrease stress |
| What is a thrombus? | a blood clot that adheres to the vessel wall due to a damage cause by atherosclerosis. |
| what is an embolus? | a blood clot or other debris that lodges in a vessel and obstructs blood flow |
| What are the six ways to check for acute peripheral arterial occulsion? | pain paresthesia paralysis pulse pallor polkilothermia (coolness) |
| what occurs with arterial embolism? | ischemia |
| what happens if you dont promptly treat arterial embolisms? | emergent condition- permanent vessel and limb damage, tissue necrosis, and gangrene |
| Medications for arterial embolisms | heparin, lovenox, and streptokinase (breaks clot down itself) |
| surgical treatment for arterial embolism | embolectomy (remove embolism) thromboendarterectomy (remove emobolus or plaque) |
| nursing care for arterial embolism | monitor extremities-compare sides bed cradle avoid flexion of the knee |
| what is Virchow's Triad? | stasis of blood (plane ride) vessel damage (bruise) increased blood coagulability (birth control) |
| medications for venous thrombosis | coumadin - PT warfarin heparin- Ptt&APTT |
| What is normal APTT? | 20-40 sec. if on heparin, 2x normal bleeding time |
| What is chronic venous insufficiency? | inadequate venous return over a prolonged period of time. May be caused by dvt, varicose veins, or leg trauma, or may develop without apparent cause. |
| How do you manage a venous stasis ulcer? | Unna boot |
| what are varicose veins? | distended, protruding veins that appear darkened and tortuous |
| what is lymphadenopathy? | enlarged lymph nodes |
| what is lymphangitis? | red streak along inflamed vessels with pain, heat and swelling |
| what is lymphedema? | edema of extremity due to accumulation of lymph resulting from inflammation, obstruction, or removal of lymphatic vessels. |
| what is primary lymphedema? | uncommon, genetic |
| what is secondary lymphedema? | from removal of lymph nodes |
| what are manifestations of lymphedema? | edema of entire extremity brawny edema: woody texture usually painless but feels heavy |
Created by:
chelseanicholas
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