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APUSHtenforten
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prominent member of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, supplied rifles to free soil advocates in the Kansas Nebraska Territory | Henry Beecher |
| militant abolitionist who seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed. Also known for his role in the Pottawatomic Massacre | John Brown |
| gave "Crimes Against Kansas" speech and later became a prominent radical republican | Charles Sumner |
| wrote "The Impending Crisis of the South" which was a violent attack on slavery. It wasn't written with sympathy for Blacks, but with a belief that the economic system of the South was bringing ruin on the small farmer | Hinton Helper |
| A militant abolitionist, he became editor or the Boston publications, The Liberator, in 1831. Under his leadership, The Liberator gained national fame and notoriety. | William Lloyd Garrison |
| devoted to the abolitionism movement. He advised the breakaway anti slavery Whigs in congress and his anonymous tract "American Slavery as It Is" (1839) was the inspiration for Uncle Tom's Cabin | Theodore Weld |
| wrote "Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World," which advocated a racial war if necessary | David Walker |
| a slave who fled from Virginia to Boston in 1854. Attempts to return him led to unrest in Boston. He was successfully returned at a cost of $100,000. He was bought a few months later by a Boston group intent on setting him free | Anthony Burns |
| a self-educated slave who escaped in 1838 and became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited anti-slavery weekly, the "North Star" and wrote three autobiographies on his life | Frederick Douglass |
| A slave, he planned to make VA a state for Blacks. He organized about 1,000 slaves who met outside Richmond on August 30, 1800. They planned to attack the city, but the roads were flooded. He and 24 others were hanged after a slave owner found out. | Gabriel Prosser |
| A purely democratic form of government in the colonies, and the most prevalent form of local government in New England | Town Meetings |
| During the French and Indian War, Franklin wrote this proposal for a unified colonial government, which would operate under the authority of the British government | Albany Plan of Union |
| These started as groups of private citizens in MA, RI, and NY, who began circulating info. about opposition to British trade measures. The first appeared in MA. Other colonies created their own to protest GB trade regulations | Committees of Correspondence |
| On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to GB, agreeing to by loyal to the government if it addressed their grievances. It was rejected by parliament, and trade was prohibited with the colonies | Olive Branch Petition |
| This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince NY to ratify the Constitution. | Federalist Papers |
| Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. Declared that states could nullify laws that they considered unconstitutional | Virginia and Kentucky Resoultions |
| Proposed after the War of 1812. It included using federal money for internal improvements, enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of U.S. industries, and strengthening the national bank | American System |
| act issued by Jefferson forbidding American trade ships from leaving the U.S., it was meant to force GB and France to change their policies, but it hurt the economy, and it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act | Embargo Act 1807 |
| Declared that Europe should not interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere, and that any interference would be seen as a threat to the U.S. | Monroe Doctrine |
| Phrase commonly used in the 1840's and 1850's. It expresses inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific | Manifest Destiny |
| He had led troops during the French and Indian war and had surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. Appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. Often referred to as the Sword of the Revolution | George Washington |
| British, wrote "Common Sense," spoke against unfair treatment of colonies by GB | Thomas Paine |
| Author of the Second Treatise of Government. He wrote that all human beings have the right to life, liberty, and property, and that governments should protect those rights | John Locke |
| Delegate from VA and the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. First secretary of state under Washington. Later was president and referred to as the Negro President | Thomas Jefferson |
| wrote some of the first dictionaries. His books, which became standard for the U.S., promoted American spellings and pronunciations rather that British | Noah Webster |
| "Father of the Constitution" His proposals for an effective government became the Virginia Plan, which was the basis for the Constitution. Fourth president, and led the U.S. into the War of 1812 | James Madison |
| "Father of National Debt" A leading Federalist, he supported industry and a strong central government. Created the national bank and managed to pay off the U.S.'s debts through tariffs and the excise tax on whiskey. First secretary of treasury | Alexander Hamilton |
| Ambassador to Spain and France during the American Revolution. First Chief Justice of the U.S. | John Jay |
| One of the leading Democratic-Republicans of NY. Served as a U.S. senator. Principal opponent of Hamilton's Federalist policies. Tied with Jefferson in the electoral college during the 1800 election. House gave him vice presidency | Aaron Burr |
| Federalist whose decision on the U.S. supreme court promoted federal power over the state power and established the judiciary branch of government. Established judicial review during "Marbury V. Madison" | John Marshall |
| governor of the Dominion of New England until the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England | Sir Edmund Andros |
| very influential in the development of the middle colonies. His liberal land policies helped the colony grow, but large amounts of immigration negatively impacted their relationship with the Natives | William Penn |
| led a rebellion in VA in response to Berkeley's policies that protected the Natives in the area. Rebellion helped speed up America's interest in the slave trade | Nathaniel Bacon |
| wrote "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" was one of the prominent figures in the Great Awakening called a New Light | Jonathan Edwards |
| Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights" | George Whitefield |
| put on trial of his outspoken views on a corrupt colonial governor, found innocent, and helped establish the idea of freedom of the press | Peter Zenger |
| Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity | Benjamin Franklin |
| Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. Ran a rightly-disciplined, military-like colony. There were no slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism. Looked upon as a dictator. | James Oglethorpe |
| George Washington's native guide. Very influential in the Jumonville affair, which increased tensions among the French and English | Tanacharison |
| brings discipline and militaristic approach to Jamestown | John Smith |
| Englishman who stole tobacco seeds from the West Indies and brought them to Jamestown. Marries Pocahontas to symbolize peace | John Rolfe |
| founder of Maryland. Hoped to establish a Catholic haven | Lord Baltimore |
| A pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. Helped the colonists survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks | William Bradford |
| once enslaved, upon returning home his tribe has become extinct. Was extremely instrumental in helping the pilgrims survive early on | Squanto |
| one of the most influential governors of the Mass. Bay Colony. He promoted the ideas of developing a "city upon a hill" | John Winthrop |
| a major threat to the Puritan status quo because this person claimed to have directly spoken with God, and was very outspoken against predestination | Anne Hutchinson |
| this person spoke out against the Puritain's dealing with the Native Americans. felt a theocracy would not be effective in controlling society | Roger Williams |
| known as the Father of Connecticut, this Puritan helped establish the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Thomas Hooker |
| leader that stressed all tribes must come together to push out the English | King Phillip |
| the first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men and set up a government (by majority rule) for the Plymouth colony | Mayflower Compact |
| applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of the church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. This allowed them to participate in some church affairs | Half-Way Covenant |
| First constitution written in America | Fundamental Orders |
| formed to provide defense for the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between the colonies | NE Confederation |
| The British government combined the colonies of MA, RI, NH, and Connecticut into a single providence headed by a royal governor | Dominion of NE |
| parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America | Headright System |
| William Penn's term for the government or PA, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all | Holy Experiment |
| ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland. Guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians | Act of Toleration 1649 |
| oldest son inherits the land in England. This helps spur New World migration | Primogeniture Laws |
| Winthrop's vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was to be a model for all other communities | "City Upon a Hill" |
| Pueblos revolt against Spanish, retake Santa Fe, and build religious ceremonial chambers all over Catholic relics | Pope's Rebellion |
| series of wars between the Natives and the Colonists. Total warfare, interracial marriage for peace, and end of Native threat in Chesapeake region | Powhatan Wars |
| Spanish explorer Cortez takes Tenochitlan and destroys major buildings replacing them with cathedrals | Noche Triste |
| war is caused by the death of praying Indian John Sassamon, Metacom recruits other tribes to take arms against the colonists, war wipes out the Native threat in the New England area | King Phillip's War |
| Virginia setters were angry at Virginia Governor Berkeley's friendly policies with the Natives. They rebel, and while the rebellion is crushed, VA and other colonies begin buying more slaves | Bacon's Rebellion |
| Slaves rebel in hopes of reaching Spanish controlled Florida. Rebellion is crushed. Causes initial scare, but had few long-term effects | Stono Rebellion (Cato's Conspiracy) |
| shows a decline of religious influence in the NE colonies, as people make false accusations in hopes of obtaining land | Salem Witch Trials |
| When King James II was dethroned and replaced by King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of NY rebelled and made a new man the governor of NY. | Leisler's Rebellion |
| vigilante group that murdered 20 Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. Formed in response to Pontiac's Rebellion, the French and Indian War, and PA's use of tax dollars to help the Natives | Paxton Boys |
| an Indian uprising after the French and Indian War. Led by an Ottawa chief. Opposed British expansion into the Western Ohio River Valley. Destroyed British forts in the area. Helped persuade English to pass the Royal Proclamation of 1763 | Pontiac's Rebellion |
| Treaty between GB, France, and Spain, which ended the Seven Years War and the French and Indian War | Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War | Treaty of Paris 1783 |
| signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and GB. Dealt with NW posts and trade on the Miss. River. Unpopular with Americans and the French | Jay's Treaty |
| treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. rights to transports goods on the Miss. River and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans | Pinckney's Treaty (Treaty of Madrid, Treaty of San Lorenzo) |
| drawn up after the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The 12 local Indian tribes gave the Americans the Ohio Valley territory in exchange for a reservation and $10,000 | Treaty of Greenville |
| Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. Most territory returned to original owner. Set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border | Treaty of Ghent |
| treaty between U.S. and GB that provided for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes. This was later expanded into an unarmed Canada/U.S. border | Rush-Bagot Treaty |
| Spain gave up Florida to the U.S. and the U.S./Mexico border was set so that Texas and the American South West would be part of Mexico | Transcontinental Treaty |
| This treat required Mexico to cede the American South West, including NM, CO, UT, AZ, NV, and CA to the U.S. The U.S. gave Mexico $15 million in exchange, so it would not look like a conquest | Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago |
| Established Maine's northern border and the boundaries of the Great Lake states | Webster-Ashburton Treaty |
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tnseeley
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