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Chapter 5 Languae
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an Ethnologue ? | One of the most authorative source of languages , 6,909 kanguages in total |
| What are some places that dont have literary tradition ? | tribes, and isolated areas |
| The lack of literary tradition causes? | Probmlems to document distribution of languages |
| Who chooses the offical language and where is it mostly spoken in a country ? | The goverment and around the captial |
| What are the two main meanings of language in culture ? | Peoples values and their artifacts |
| How is language diffused at first ? | By migration of people |
| What does the global distribution of language is caused by what 2 process ? | Interaction and isolation |
| English is the offical language in how many countries ? | 57 |
| The distribution of english came from the ? | Colonies |
| How did english first diffused ? | From west England to north america in the 17 century |
| What town did it start in ? | Jamestown in plymouth 1607 and after NA defeated the english , english was assured |
| What countries did Brtian over take ? | Ireland, South Asia, South Pacific, South Africa and made english the offical language |
| Who were the first inhabitants in Britosh Isles ? | The celtics in 2,000 B.C and spoke celtic |
| What happened in AD 450 on the british isles ? | The celtics were invaded and moved too scotland and wales |
| What were the 3 Germanic Tribes that invaded the Britsih iles ? | Angles,Saxons, And Jutes which all spoke Englise |
| What was the bigges Germanic tribe ? | The Angles |
| Where does our english come from ? | The language spoken by the tribes |
| At some point in history what happened ? | Everyone spoke the same Germanic language |
| What did the vikings do to england ? | Were defted but stayed and changed the language |
| What happened when the Normans invaded in 1066 | They changed the language because they spoke french,French being the offical language for 300 years |
| What happened after england lost control of normandy ? | People when back to talking english making it the offical language in 1362 only upper class still spoke french |
| What is it called when speakers of two languages can understand each other ? | Mutal Inteligeability |
| Words that are common come from where ? Fancy Words ? | Germanic, Normandy |
| How is the distribution of dialects documented ? | By the study of particular words |
| When people from one location goes to another what happens ? | Varies the dialect of that language |
| How do english languages Vary ? | By region |
| Who uses the standard language ? | News casters because of the so many diffrent dialects |
| Where did the justes come from ? | Northern Denmark |
| Wher did the Angles come from ? | Southern Denamrk |
| Where did the saxons come from ? | North western Germany |
| What are the Five major region dialects in England ? | Northern, East Midland, West Midland, Southwestern, and southeastern |
| What are the 3 main region dialects ? | Midland, Northern, Southern |
| How did the introduction of the dialect of the upper class come by ? | By the printing press in 1476 |
| What is the major diffrence North Americas English is diffrent than the U.K ? | Isolation |
| How was our englished changed ? | By immagrants from other countires coming and changing the dialect and adding words etc |
| What are 3 ways North America english varys from U.k's ? | Vocab, Spelling, and Pronunctaion |
| Why is our vocab diffrent ? | Because we encountred new objects we had to name |
| Why is our spelling diffrent ? | Because Noah Webster made a type of english writing diffrent than the Uk which would make us more independent |
| Why is our pronociation diffrent ? | Because the amount of intercation we had |
| What are some other reason we dont speak the same english ? | Colonist that came did not speak proper english and did not come from upper class |
| What are the 3 areas that the settmlemnts can be grouped in / | New England, Southeast, Middle Atlantic |
| New England ? | Mostly inhabited by Puritans from South East England |
| Southeastern ? | Half same from southeast england very diverse much low class |
| Middle Atlantic ? | Quakers from the north of england and other countries like germaany most diverse |
| Words used relate to what ? | Rural life, food, objects, from dail activites |
| Why id their a greater language idn rural areas ? | Isolation ,daily acticites, food, objects |
| What encourages the adoption of some words in the country ? | Mass media |
| What do they say for soda in NE and SW? Midwest and NW? Southerners ? | Soda,pop,coke |
| Why do New england and Southern accent are unusaul ? | Most prononcation came from middle atlantic states |
| Madrin is the most ? | Spoken language in the world |
| English is the most? | Spoken language in the Indo-European |
| How many Branches does Indo-European language have ? | 8 |
| What are the main Indo-European languages ? | Germanic ,Romance, Baltic-solvic and Indo-Iranian |
| What are the 4 lesser Branches in Indo-european ? | Almmenian,Greek,Celtic, and armeenian |
| What are the languages in the Germanic Branch ? | German ,English , Icelandic,Dutch, Swedish |
| Why is english in the germanic Branch ? | Because of the tribes that invaded england |
| Language has less what ? | Diffrences and less old in the langugae |
| What group og the germanic branch does english fall in ? | Western |
| What are the subgroups west germanic fall into ? | High and low High is the basis fpr standard german language |
| What sub group of western germanic does english fall into ? | Low |
| What are the four languages spoken in Scandaniva ? | Swedish, Danish,Norwegian, and iclenadic |
| Indio-Irain group has two group which are ? | West, Iranian and East, Indic |
| The indo-iranian branch has ? | The most speakers |
| Indic-Iranian is mostly spoken in ? | Indian, Pakistan and Bangladesh |
| What is the offical language in India ? | Hindi and English but most diverse country with languages |
| The goverment of Indai is forced to do what ? | To encourage the use of 22 languages |
| What is the only way you can wrie hindi ? | in scrpit called Devanagaria |
| Where is the Iranian group spoken in / | Iran and SW asia |
| What are the major languages used in the Iranain group ? | Persian in Iran, Pashto in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and Kurdish in iran iraq and turkey |
| The Baltic-Slavic Branch is the what ? | 2nd most spoken group with most speakers |
| How did slavic turn into many groups ? | IIt was a single lannguag but diffrences were devloped in the 17 century when groups of slaves and asian came to europe |
| How is the Baltic-Slavic group dived into ? | Eastern, west and south |
| What is the spoken languaage in the Eastern slavic ? | Russian |
| How Did the importance of russian rise ? | When the soviet union forced native speakers to learn russian |
| What is the most spoken language in the West slavic group ? | Polish ,czech, and then slovak |
| How did the west slavic group tried to blance the languages ? | By making the sport in one language one half and another language the other half |
| What is the most spoken language in the South Slavic ? | The ones spoken in Bosnia,Herzegovina,croatia,mutenegro, and siebra |
| Why does the name Serbo-Croation offend the bosnianns and croatians ? | It reminds them of when their country were ruled by the serbs |
| WHere di the Romance languages come from ? | The latin language |
| What are the Four main rmance languages ? | French,spanish,portuguese,italian |
| What was the physical boundries for the main countries in the romance language ? | Rugged mts. |
| What are the 4 countires envolved with thr romance branch ? | Spain,Potugual,Italy,and france |
| What is the 5th most importanr language in the Romance branch ? | Romainan princple language of romania and moldova |
| What are the 2 offical Romance languages? | Romash in Switertland Catalan spoken in andorra spain |
| What is the last romance language ? | Sardinan |
| What are some romance languages that have their own liteary traditon ? | Italy= Ladin Northeast=Friulian |
| What is Ladino ? | A mixture of spanis and greek turkish and hebrew spoken by jews |
| The diffusinon of romance languages started in ? | Rome 2,000 years ago |
| How was latin language diffused ? | By roman Armies counquering occcupied provinces and native languages were destroyed |
| After roman empire collapsed what happened ? | The latin language varied more which when some languages were isolted made new languaes |
| What was the region tht becaome the standard from of french ? | Francien because it contained pairs |
| What are the 2 surving dialects within france ? | North = d'oil South = d'oc |
| How did the treaty of toredisilas help ? | The pope gave the west part to spain and east to portugal |
| How did the Spanish and Portugese soread worlwide ? | Because of the activiness in spain and portugal colnies activites |
| What is the offical language in spain ? | Spanish |
| Where is spanish and portugese spoken / | Spanish0 mainly central and southe america Potuguese- brazil |
| Difficulty arise with two languages when ? | Trying to figure out if they are two diffrent languages or two diffrent dislects of the same language |
| What Lnaguage came before Proto-Indo-european ? | Norastic |
| What evidence do we have that make us no Prot-indo european existed ? | the physical attributes of words that vary from indo european languages |
| Prot-Indo europeans speakers lived how ? | In cold weather and werent hunters a |
| What are the 2 theorys that state how Proto-Indo European spread ? | Nomadic Warrior thesis and Sedentray Farmmer thesis |
| Nomadiic Warrior Thesis ? | Had the first PI speakers which were the Kurgans which lived in the steeps in 4300BC they were nomadic herder and rode on the horse and conqured land |
| Sedentary Framer thesis? | Spearkers came berfore the Kurgans diffused from greece to italy to france, spain,portugal making the romnce branch . Then indo-european moved from greece to the east diffused with agriculture |
| What is the 2 most spoken family and what is the most common language ? | Sino-Tibetan, Mandarin |
| What is the 3rd most spoken language and the most common language ? | Afro-Asiatic,Arabic |
| Why isnt mandrin the offical language ? | Hrd to learn isnt world wide only spoken in china |
| The small number of languages in China shows ? | Unity |
| What is the chinese language based off ? | Ideograms that are characters |
| Austronesian ? | In indonesia ,clustred in the islands most common language in Javanese and madagascar is include |
| Ausro-Aiatic ? | In vietnamese |
| Tai kadai- | Spoken in thailand |
| Afro-asiatic - | common language is Arabic is mostly know because the holy book called the quaran |
| Altaic - | Common language is turkish |
| Niger-Congo S | Swahili is common language espically in rural areas |
| Nilo-Saharan ? | Spoken in North africa not many speakers |
| Khoisan ? | Use clicking sounds |
| Uralic ? | 3 countires that isnt dominate dby indo european which are finalnd,estonia and hungray |
| What is an example of an extinct language ? | Gothic spoken in europe |
| What is so intresting about Hebrew ? | Was an exticnt language but was brought back by its written records |
| Where is celtic spoken now ? | In scotland and irland |
| Irish Gaelic ? | Spoken in ireland |
| Scotticsh Gaelic | spoken in scotland |
| Brythonic | Spoken in wales |
| Cornish | is extonct last speaker was Dolly Pentretch |
| Breton | Spoken in Britanny |
| What is an example of multilingual countries ? | Belgium south speak french nprth speak dutch |
| Why wont belgium norht and south seprate ? | Because of capital |
| What is the language of Basque ? | was spoken when land was counqured but wasnt cjanged because of isolation |
| Icelandic is a part of Indo-eurpoean but why id it diffrent ? | It hasnt changed because of being isolated |
| Englisg is the offical language for ? | Trade , travel, business, pop culture |
| Why isnt english the global language ? | people arent willing to drop their language |
| What are some other Lingu-francas ? | Swahili,Hindi,Indonesia,russian |
| Why is it controverisal to learn ebonics ? | Some see it as improper other see it as perserving african culture |
| What is franglis ? | English being spoken in the french language |
| What is spanglish ? | english and spanish being spoken as a combination |
| Danglish | A combination of german and english |
| Why are they banning Franglish ? | to protect tyhe franch language |
| What are cubonics | is a combination of cuban and phonetics |
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