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Pharm Final 331
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrocodone | Antitussive Narcotic Control dry, non-productive cough |
| Another antitussive aside from hydrocodone | Dextromethorphan |
| AE of antitussives | respiratory depression dizziness dry mouth |
| Flunisolide (AeroBid) | Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestant- decreases inflammatory response, reduces edema |
| AE of topical nasal steroid decongestants | Inc risk for infection local burning, stinging, dryness, rebound congestion! Topical doesn't cause ^BP, but systemic does |
| Diphenhydramine (Bendadryl) | Antihistamine Used for allergies, seasonal rhinitis, upper respiratory congestion, sleep aid |
| AE of diphenhydramine | Anticholinergic SE: dry mouth, urinary retention, drowsiness, sedation, bradycardia, constipation Caution with arrythmias, cardiac pt |
| PT teaching for diphenhydramine | Drowsiness may occur, caution in driving and using machinery. Fall risk, esp in elderly pt. |
| Guaifenesin (Mucinex) | Expectorant For: increasing productive cough irritates gut muscles Reduces adehesiveness of mucus by reducing surface tension |
| AE of expectorants | GI effects, N/V |
| Acetylcystine (Mucomyst) | Mucolytic Liquify secretions to increase productive cough Reduce viscosity of mucus to make it easier to bring up Usually only used in hospital with impaired fxn pt (stroke, elderly) |
| Six lower respiratory problems | COPD Asthma ARDS Atelectasis Pneumonia Bronchitis |
| Xanthines | (-phylline) bronchial smooth muscle dilators Do not use with liver dsyfxn Used for COPD |
| Epinephrine (Sus-Phrine) | (-rine) (-terol) Sympathomimetic Used for acute anaphylaxis, acute asthma attack, acute bronchospasm from COPD/asthma/allergy |
| AE of epinephrine | Sympathomimetic effects: increased HR, BP, RR, tachycardia, restlessness Decreased effect of beta-blockers |
| Beta 2 Agonist Inhaler | Albuterol Used for long acting treatment and prevention of bronchospasm (doesn't work to treat bronchospasm caused by non-specific beta blockers!) |
| AE of Albuterol | Sympathomimetic effects If taken in combo with long acting Beta 2 agonist like Foradil could cause tachycardia) |
| Budesonide (Pulmicort) | Inhaled Steroid (also Beclomethasone) Decrease inflammatory response in airway so cause to open more |
| AE of inhaled steroids | Increased risk for infection Possible fungal infection in mouth and larynx Local effects from inhalation like sore throat, coughing, dry mouth |
| Pt teaching for inhaled steroids | Always wash with alcohol based mouthwash immediately after inhaling-prevent fungal infections |
| Predosone | Systemic steroid used also for Asthma Decrease inflammatory response AE: inhibits prostoglandin, which inhibits mucus formation so possible ulcer! Often put on prophylactic proton pump inhibitors |
| Zafirlukast | Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (-lukast) Decreases inflammatory response Used for asthma and allergy in adults and CHILDREN OVER 5 Blocks SRSA |
| AE of leukotriene receptor antagonists | Increased risk for infection increased liver enzymes headache, dizziness, nausea, myalgia, diarrhea, abd. pain |
| Drug-drug interactions with leukotriene receptor antagonists | Warfarin (anticoagulant) Ca+ channel blockers (BP meds) propanalol (Beta blocker!) Theophylline (Xanthene!) cyclosporine (Immune suppressant) Asprin (Salicylate) |
| Cromolyn | Mast Cell Stablizer Used for asthma and allergy Prevents release of inflammatory and broncho-constricting substances Can be used prophylactically |
| AE of cromolyn | swollen eyes, nausea, dry mouth, tachycardia, headache |
| (-tropium) | Anticholinergics Block vagal nerve mediated response causes bronchodilation Causes anticholinergic SE (so like sympathomimetic effects) |
| What is a normal potassium level? | 3.5-5 |
| What is a normal sodium level? | 35-45 |
| What are the five classes of diuretics? | 1.Thiazide and thiazide-like 2. loop diuretics 3.Osmotic diuretics 4.Potassium-sparing diuretics 5.carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Thiazide diuretic (all end in (-thiazide) Inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and CL- at distal tubule. Leads to increased secretion of Na and Cl and H2O Used for hypertension |
| AE of thiazide diuretics | nocturia muscle cramps/spasms possible electrolyte imbalance-esp. hypokalemia! orthostatic hypotension dry mouth |
| Furosimide (Lasix) | Loop Diuretic Inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl from Loop of Henle and distal tubule Leads to Na excretion and H2O excretion |
| Caution with Lasix: | Sensitivity to sulfa drugs may have rx with lasix |
| AE of loop diuretics (Lasix) | Possible HYPERglycemia Orthostatic hypotension rash glycosuria |
| Mannitol | Osmotic diuretic Elevates osmolarity of glomerular filtrate, leads to loss of H2O, Na and Cl |
| AE of osmotic diuretics | thirst fluid and electrolyte imbalance, HYPOtension, risk for tachycardia, arrythmias |
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) | Potassium-Sparing Diuretic blocks effects of aldosterone in renal tubule, causes loss of Na and retention of K+ |
| AE of potassium sparing diuretics | HYPERkalemia, irregular menses, gynocomastia, hirsutism & deepening of voice (in women), menstrual disturabances |
| Acetazolamide (Diamox) | Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors used for mt. sickness and glaucoma Not used often cause of SE |
| AE of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | Bone marrow suppression, renal calculi, weakness, fatigue, rash, urinary frequency |
| SE of all diuretics | Urinary frequency, possible fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
| Oxybutynin (Ditropan) | Urinary tract antispasmodic: used for severe UTI with spasms |
| AE of urinary tract antispasmodics | Similar to anticholinergic-drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision |
| Doxazosin (Cardura) | Treatment for BPH (alpha 1 selective adrenergic blocking agent-also used for hypertension) Causes dilation of arterioles, decreased sympathetic effects on bladder |
| AE of Doxazosin | SIGNIFICANT orthostatic HYPOtension! CHF, edema, arrythmia Do not give with other vasodilators! |
| Dopamine | Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonist Also norepinephrine Used for SHOCK, bronchospasm, severe acute asthma titrated to cardiac output Caution: do not allow extravasation |
| Contraindications for dopamine | pheochromocytoma, PVD, hypovolemia, tachyrythmias, OTC cold and allergy meds |
| What to monitor when giving dopamine | Renal, liver, serum electrolytes, I&O, VS, ECG, light exposure (optical prep) void prior to admin to avoid urinary retention |
| AE of dopamine | CNS effects: dizziness, confusion, headac Bradycardia, arrythmia, severe orthostatic hypotension Bronchospasm, respiratory distress |
| Phentolalamine | Non-specific alpha adrenergic blocker Use to minimize tissue damage from extravasation |
| SE of phentolalamine | prolonged and acute hypotensive episodes tachycardia arrythmias |
| Propalanlol (Inderol) | Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Used for HYPERtension, angina, migraines (anxiety in public speaking) |
| SE of Nonselective beta blockers | bradycardia, arrythmia, bronchospasm |
| Drug -drug interactions of Propanalol | Insulin/antidiabetic meds Clonadine NSAIDs |
| Contraindications for nonselective beta blockers | Do not give to diabetics, people baseline bradycardia (athletes), COPD, asthma (causes bronchospasm) |
| Beta-1 SElective Blockers | Metapropalol, Atenalol Used for HYPERtension, angina, glaucoma |
| Contraindiactions for Beta-1 selective blockers | COPD, thyroid disease, sinus bradycardia, CHF, hypotension |
| Dr-dr interactions with beta1 blockers | NSAIDs injectible lidocaine |
Created by:
SarahTzipporah
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