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CH unit II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anathema | A ban solemnly pronounced by ecclesiastical authority and accompanied by excommunication. |
| Anomoeans | From the Greek anhomoios, meaning “dissimilar” this sect of Arianism stressed the essential difference between the Father and the Son in the Trinity. |
| Apocrypha | Old Testament books recognized by the Catholic and the Orthodox Churches, but not by Protestants. |
| Apollinarianism | This heresy denied the existence of human mind and will in Christ. |
| Apostles’ Creed | A statement of belief of the Apostles based upon the New Testament. It is derived from a baptismal creed used especially in Rome known as the Old Roman, and it is therefore associated particularly with the Church of Rome. |
| Arianism | It denied Jesus’ divinity, claiming that Jesus is neither God nor equal to the Father, but rather an exceptional creature raised to the level of “Son of God” because of his heroic fidelity to the Father’s will and his sublime holiness. |
| Athanasian Creed | A statement of Faith that Church still affirms whose author is not known. |
| Caesarpapism | Refers to the dual role of the head of State and leader of the Church in which the temporal ruler extends his own powers to ecclesiastical and theological matters. The Church in the East tended to be subservient to the interest of the State. |
| Chrysostom | Moniker of St. John Chrysostom meaning “golden mouth,” it refers to the saint’s extraordinary preaching skills. |
| Church Fathers | Great, holy leaders who have come forward to lead the Church, explain the Faith, and meet the unique challenges posed by the different heresies. |
| Demiurge | Gnostic creator god of the material world |
| Docetism | Derived from the Greek word dokesis, meaning appearance, this Gnostic heresy maintained that Jesus did not die on the cross but was spared by someone else who took his place. |
| Doctor of the Church | Doctores Ecclesiae, a specific title given by the pope to those whose development of theology and personal sanctity are exemplary. |
| Donatism | Heresy that rejected the sacraments celebrated by clergy who had formerly betrayed their faith. |
| Dokesis | Greek word for appearance. Referred to heresy, which claimed Jesus, only appeared to die on the cross. |
| Ecumenical Council | Derived from the Greek word oikoumene, meaning “the whole inhabited world,”; bring bishops and others entitled to vote from all over the world to discuss central issues of the Church. |
| Filiuque | Latin word meaning “and the Son,” it is used to express the double procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son. St. Augustine laid the essential groundwork for the addition of the ____ clause to the Nicene Creed in the Medieval period. |
| Gnosticism | Greek word ” knowledge”, the name refers to the multifaceted heresy, namely, that salvation may be achieved through knowledge. |
| Heresy | The refusal to accept one or more truths of the Faith, which are required for Catholic belief. It is a species of unbelief belonging to those who profess the Christian Faith, but corrupt its dogmas. |
| Homoeans (Sabellians) | From Greek homoios, meaning “similar,” this Scriptural purist party rejected the use of the word homoousios at the Council of Nicaea because it was not used in the Bible. |
| Homoousios | Greek Word meaning “of the same substance.” |
| Infallible | Free from error. Ecumenical councils’ definitions on Faith and morals are considered free from error, or infallible, if that is the intention of the pope and bishops in union. |
| Logos | An ambiguous Greek word with a multitude of meanings that include |
| Manichaeism | involved the relationship between light and darkness, believing that through rituals and knowledge believers could regain the light stolen by Satan and hidden in the brains of men; borrowed from the Scriptures, especially from the writings of St. Paul |
| Marcionism | borrowed the idea of a Demiurge calling this force the jealous and vengeful God of Law. The God of Christ has no law and is sent to bring about the demise of the Demiurge. He renounced all Jewish influence on the Church |
| Montanism | he believed that due to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon him, he knew that a new heavenly kingdom was imminent. One of the first apocalyptic heresies, his followers lived a very austere life rejecting second marriages and flight from persecution. |
| Monophysitism | From the Greek monos, meaning “alone,” and physis meaning “nature,” this heresy claimed that there is only one nature in Christ and that His human nature is “incorporated” into Divine Nature. |
| Monothelitism | Heresy claiming that Christ has two natures but only one will. |
| Neo-Platonism | School of philosophy; logos was a created being, not the Supreme Being. Platonic philosophies, in general, viewed the material world as less perfect then the world of ideas. Many early Platonic heresies deemphasized or denied Christ’s humanity |
| Nestorianism | Founded in the fourth century by _______, the Patriarch of Constantinople, this heresy maintained that Christ was both human and divine but was not himself fully human or fully divine. |
| Pelagianism | Heresy denying original sin and the need for grace in man’s salvation. According to this heresy, the sacraments are superfluous since salvation and holiness can only be achieved through human endeavor. |
| Quicumque Vult | “Whoever wishes (to be saved),” opening of the Atheanasian Creed. |
| Theotokos | Literally “bearer of God,” often translated “mother of God.” Used since the early centuries of the Church, this title of Mary was defended by the Council of Ephesus in 431. |
| Vulgate | First translation of the Bible from its original languages into Latin by St. Jerome. |
| Ad Metalla | Literally means “to the mines.” It refers to the punishment and death given to many Christians during the Roman persecutions. |
| Apostasy | willful renunciation of the Faith in its entirety. |
| Domus Aurea | Latin for the “House of Gold.” It refers to the palace that was built at the center of Rome after the fire during Nero’s reign. Some have suggested the desire to build this palace was Nero’s reason for starting the fire. |
| Heretic | A person who denies one or more of the doctrines of the Faith. |
| Insulae | Tenements for the lower and middle class Romans constructed of wood and rubble. |
| Tetrarchy | Emperor Diocletian’s division of the Roman Empire into four separate administrative districts, each with its own Caesar. |
| Trajan’s Rescipt | Policy for handling Christians in the Roman Empire that stated that Christians who renounced their faith and offered sacrifice would be allowed to live. Those who did not renounce their faith would suffer death. |
| Vox Populi | Latin for “voice of the people.” The early Church was often more threatened by the unconverted commoners in any area then by the Roman state. |
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