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perfusion2
NUR_213 cowen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHAT are the 3 AORTIC WALL LAYERS? | Tunica Intima, Tunica Adventitia and Tunica Media. |
| WHERE does the ABDOMINAL AORTA BEGIN? | The Diaphragm. |
| WHAT is the average DIAMETER of ABDOMINAL AORTA? | 1-3 cm. |
| Is Coarctation Congenital? | Yes. It is often associated with other congenital abnormalitites b/c they develop at the same time. |
| Describe Coarctation: | Localized narrowing of the Descending Ao, near the origin of Ductus Arteriosus. |
| WHERE is COARCTATION usually LOCATED? | Just distal to the origin of the Left Subclavian Artery. |
| NAME 2 congenital heart defects that are ASSOCIATED with COARCTATION. | Bicuspid Ao Valve and MV Malformations. |
| DEFINITION of an ANEURYSM? | Localized areas of abnormal dilation of a blood vessel,(usually an artery). |
| DEFINE SACCULAR ANEURYSM: | It is a weakening of the vessel wall at one particular point.(Thoracic= very rare). |
| Name some conditions that weaken or CAUSE ACQUIRED ANEURYSMS: | Atherosclerosis (which is the MOST COMMON), Syphilis, Trauma, Ao Stenosis, Ao Coarctation, PDA, Infection, and Ao Arterits. |
| WHAT can SACCULAR ANEURYSM RESULT in? | A pouch-like expansion and a small neck. They look like a sac. |
| DEFINITION of a FUSIFORM ANEURYSM? | Weakening of the ENTIRE circumference of the vessel. Dilation is normal. Stagnant flow can cause blood clots because the blood pools. (If a blood clot embolizes & it's above the renal artery it can cause big issues). |
| DEFINITION of an ACQUIRED ANEURYSM? | It is not congenital. It is caused/acquired by weakness in the vessel. The client has a condition that has caused the weakening. |
| To be considered ANEURYSMAL the Ao must be ABOVE WHAT size? And ABOVE WHAT size before they'll operate? | Above 3cm to be considered aneurysmal. And above 5cm before they'll operate. |
| WHAT are the 2 MOST COMMON Thoracic Ao Aneurysm SITES? | Ao Arch and Descending Ao. |
| WHAT causes the Thoracic Ao Aneurysm? | Plaque. It weakens the vessel wall. It causes degeneration of the media wall. |
| Atherosclerotic Process does WHAT 3 THINGS? | It weakens the Ao Wall, Degenerates the Media Wall, and causes localized vessel dilatation. |
| Hypertension does WHAT 3 THINGS? | Causes disease of the Ao, Undermines the strength of the Ao Wall, and eventual expansion to an aneurysm. |
| WHAT are SYMPTOMS of ANEURYSM RELATED to? | Size and Location, not the aneurysm itself. Location, Location, Location! |
| Name some(Esophageal)Symptoms of Aneurysms: (Additionally, Aneurysms can be WHAT)? | Wheezing, Cough, Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, Hoarseness, Dysphagia, and Spitting Up Blood. Asymptomatic. |
| WHEN do SYMPTOMS of aneurysm start SHOWING? | When the aneurysm is large enough to impinge on adjacent structures. |
| Aneurysms can cause COMPRESSION (pushing against) of WHAT 3 PLACES? | Left mainstream bronchus, laryngeal nerve (recurrent), and the esophagus. |
| Which diagnostic tests are used to detect Aneurysms? | Chest X-Ray (Mediastinal Widening), CT with Contrast (reliable), MRI (Excellent and no contrast needed), and Angiography (Gold standard, Can be missed though if aneurysm is layered with thrombus). |
| WHAT SIZE does the ANEURYSM have to be for SURVIVAL to GO DOWN and WHY? | In clients with 7cm diameter aneurysms. At this size they are prone to rupture & to produce symptoms of compression of surrounding structures. |
| Ao Dissection is a TYPE of WHAT? | Aneurysm. |
| DESCRIPTION OF Ao Dissection? | Catastrophic event initiated by a sudden tear in the intima. |
| HOW does Ao Dissection OCCUR? | A column of blood enters the Ao Wall & destroys the media while stripping the Intima from the adventitia. |
Created by:
ccowen
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