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RT Chapter 31
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Apnea of prematurity | Congenital cardiac anomaly that consists of four defects; pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, mal position of the aortic so that it arises from the septal defect or the right ventricle, and right ventricular hypertrophy |
| Bronchiolitis | Acute and often life-threatening infection of the upper airway, which causes severe obstruction secondary to supraglottic swelling; caused primarily by Haemophilus influenza, type B, and affecting mainly children under the age of 5 years. |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) | Vascular channel in the fetus that joins the pulmonary artery directly to the descending aorta; it normally closes after birth |
| Croup | Inhalation of meconium by the fetus or newborn. It can block the air passages and cause failure of the lungs to expand. |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | Autosomal recessive disease characterized by pancreatic insufficiency, abnormally thick secretions from the exocrine glands, and an increased concentration of sodium and chloride in the sweat glands; known in Europe as mucoviscidosis. |
| Ductus arteriosus | Chronic respiratory disorder characterized by scarring of lung tissue, thickened pulmonary arterial walls, and mismatch between lung ventilation and perfusion. Often occurs in infants who have been dependent on long-term artificial pulmonary ventilation |
| Epiglottitis | Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract causing expiratory wheezing, respiratory distress, inflammation, and obstruction of the bronchioles; bronchiolitis is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Condition characterized by abnormal movement of stomach contents into the esophagus or mouth; the acid from the stomach may be aspirated into the lung and cause asthma-like symptoms |
| Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) | Infectious disorder of the upper airway occurring chiefly in infants and children that normally results in subglottic swelling and obstruction |
| Nasal flaring | Dilation of the alar nasi on inspiration; a early sign of a increase in ventilator demands and the work of breathing, especially in infants |
| Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) | Clinical syndrome seen in infants soon after birth and characterized by abnormally increased pulmonary vascular resistance |
| Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | Condition of respiratory distress in newborns, usually due to inadequate surfactant production (because of immaturity) |
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | Leading cause of death in infants less than 1 year old in the United States. Commonly called crib death |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Disorder of preterm infants, probably of central nervous system origin, characteristized by frequent apnea pauses lasting longer than 20 seconds and often associated with cyanosis, pallor, hypotonia, or bradycardia |
| Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) | Often called type II RDS, is the most common respiratory disorder of the term newborn and is most likely related to delayed clearance of fetal lung liquid |
| Transposition of the great arteries | Congenital cardiac condition characterized by a anatomic abnormality in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle |
Created by:
brianna_lynn
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