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Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy 115 Week 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basal State | The patient's condition in the early morning, approximately 12 hrs after last ingestion of food |
| Hemolysis | Rupture or lysis of the blood cells |
| TDM | Theraputic Drug Monitoring |
| Peak | 1/2-1 hr post dose |
| Trough | 1/2 hr pre dose |
| TDM's | Peaks & Troughs |
| Timed Specimens | TDM |
| Patient Variable | Age & Gender - More difficult or fragile veins |
| Patient Variable | Blood Type |
| Patient Variable | Circadian & Seasonal Rythms |
| Patient Variable | Diet & Exercise - Affects Coagulation Factors |
| Patient Variable | Smoking & Alcohol Intake - Affects Coagulation Factors |
| Patient Variable | Medications |
| Patient Variable | Intravenous Lines or Vascular Access Devices |
| Patient Variable | Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Menopausal Status |
| Patient Variable | Emotional Stress and Psychiatric Disorders |
| JCAHO | 2 Patient Identifers |
| Supplies for Venipuncture | Gloves, Tourniquet, Alcohol Pads or Other Skin Disinfectents, Bandages of Gauze Pads, Glass Microscpoe Slides, Needles With Evacuated Tube Holders, Winged Infusion Sets, Blood Collection Tubes, Laboratory Requsitions of Lables, Marking Pens |
| 1st Venous Selection | Median Cubital Vein |
| 2nd Venous Selection | Cephalic Vein |
| 3rd Venous Selection | Basilic Vein |
| Specimen ID & Labeling | Patient's Name - Last, First & MI Date of Collection, Time, Health Care Workers Initials Patient's Date of Birth |
| 3 D's | Depth, Direction, Diameter |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Hgb (Hemoglobin) | Hemotology - O2 Carrying capacity of the blood |
| Hct (Hematocrit) | Hemotology - % of packed red blood cells in a specific volume of blood |
| WBC Differential | Hematology - Infection, Leukemia |
| CBC | Hemotology - Complete blood count which includes Hgb, Hct, & WBC Differential |
| ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) | Hemotology - Inflammatory states, a very generalized test |
| PT (Protime) | Coagulation - Used most frequently to monitor coumadin therapy |
| APTT or PPT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) | Coagulation - Used most frequently to monitor heparin therapy |
| Fibrinogen | Coagulation - Is a precursor of fibrin, which is what makes up a clot |
| Hemoconcentration | Increased blood concentration such as proteins, cells, and coagulation factors, can be caused by excessive tourniquet application |
| Diurnal Rythms | Variations in the body's functions or fluids that occur during daylight hours or ever 24 hours |
| Interfering Substances | Anticoagulant Therapy |
| Interfering Substances | Antibiotic Therapy |
| Interfering Substances | Drugs of Abuse |
| Interfering Substances | Analgesics such as Asprin |
| Interfering Substances | Cardiac Drugs |
| Interfering Substances | Heparin Locks |
| Interfering Substances | IV Therapy |
| Hematoma can occur | The needle has gone completey through the vein |
| Hematoma can occur | The bevel opening is partially in the vein |
| Hematoma can occur | Not enough pressure is applied to the site after puncture |
| Interfering Substances | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| Interfering Substances | DIC - Excessive Bleeding |
| Interfering Substances | Hyperlipidemia |
| Interfering Substances | Impaired or reduced kidney function |
| Interfering Substances | Abnormal hematocrit - <20% or >60% |
| Interfering Substances | Hemolosis |
| Interfering Substances | Excessive tissue juice |
| Interfering Substances | Blood drawn from above an IV site |
| Interfering Substances | Site improperly cleaned |
| Interfering Substances | Improper equipment selection, i.e., needle size or tube selection |
| Specimen Rejection | Timed sample drawn at the wrong time or the time is recorded incorrectly |
| Specimen Rejection | Contaminated specimen |
| Specimen Rejection | Use of outdated equipment, supplies, or reagents |
| Specimen Rejection | Anticoagulated specimens that contain blood clots |
| Specimen Rejection | Discrepancies between requisition forms and labled tubes (names, dates, times) |
| Specimen Rejection | Unlabled Tubes |
| Specimen Rejection | Inadequate volume of blood |
| Specimen Rejection | Hemolyzed specimens (except for tests in which hemolysis does not interfere) |
| Specimen Rejection | Specimen in the wrong collection tubes |
| Specimen Rejection | Specimens that were improperly transported (chilled or unchilled) |
| Order of the draw | Yellow, Light Blue, Red or Gold, Green, Lavender or Pink, Gray |
| Gray Top | Glucose Determinations, Blood Alcohol Testing |
| Pink Top | Whole Blood Hemotology Determinations |
| Pink Top | EDTA |
| Gray Top | Potassium Oxalate, Sodium Flouride |
| Pink Top | Blood Bank, ABO Grouping, Rh Typing, Antibody Screening |
| Lavender Top | EDTA |
| Lavender Top | Whole Blood Hematolotgy |
| Yellow Top | SPS - Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate |
| Yelow Top | Blood Cultures |
| Yellow Top | Microbiology |
| Light Blue Top | Sodium Citrate |
| Light Blue Top | Coagulation Determinations |
| Light Blue Top | 9:1 Ratio |
| Red Top - Glass | No Additive |
| Red Top - Plastic | Clot Activator |
| Red Top | Serum Determinations |
| Red Top | Chemistry |
| Yellow Top | ACD - Acid Citrate Dextrose |
| Yellow Top | Blood Bank Studies, HLH, DNA, Phenotyping, Paternity Testing |
| Tiger or Gold Top | Clot Activator & Gel for Serum Separation |
| Tiger or Gold Top | Serum Determinations/Chemistry |
| Red Top | Serum Determinations in Chemistry & Serology |
| Red Top | Used for theraputic drug monitoring |
| Green Top | Sodium Heparin & Lithium Heparin |
| Green Top | Plasma Determinations/Chemistry |
| Green Top | Used in STAT/NOW blood chemistries |
| Occluded Veins | Closed or constricted veins |
| Petechie | Minute, pinpoint hemmorrage spots that may be indicative of a coagulation abnormality |
| Differentials | A laboratory test that categorizes blood cells and any abnormalities present |
Created by:
Adwa
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