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Upper GI
positioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the approx length of the alimentary canal? | 30 ft |
| What makes up the alimentary canal? | esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine |
| What are the four layers of the alimentary canal? | fibrous, muscular, submucosal, mucosal |
| What is the expanded portion of the terminal esophagus called? | cardiac antrum |
| What is the moscle controlling the opening of the stomach and deuodenm? | Pyloric sphincter |
| How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal? | 24 hrs |
| What are the different types of contrast used? | air, barium sulfate, gastrografin |
| Which body habitus has a horizontal stomach? | hypersthenic |
| Which bobdy habitus has a vertical stomach? | Asthenic |
| Which body habitus comprises 50% of the population? | Sthenic |
| Which body habitus comprises 35% of the population? | Hyposthenic |
| What are the functions of the stomach? | stores food breakdown of food |
| What is the prep for a patient with an AM exam time? | NPO after midnight |
| What is the prep for a patient with a PM exam time? | NPO 8 hrs |
| What are the routienly used methods for a stomach exam? | single - contrast, double contrast |
| What are the portions of the small intestine? | Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| What order does food flow through the small intestine? | Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| What are the physical characteristics of the deuodenum? | short, and wide / 8-10" long |
| What projection and body position shows the bulb and loop in profile? | PA Oblique, RAO |
| What is the term for the contraction waves that is produced by the intestine during digestion? | peristalsis |
| What is the largest gland in the body? | liver |
| What are the functions of the gallbladder? | Store and secrete bile |
| What are the functions of the exocrine cells of pancreas? | secretes and produces pancreatic juice |
| What is the most common contrast medium? | barium sulfate |
| What is used to record fluoro images? | Tv, video reorder |
| What respiration phase is used for upper GI studies? | suspended expiration |
| What is the advantage of the double contrast study? | Small lesions are less easlity obsured and mucosal lining clearly visualized |
| Common bile duct and pancreatic duct unite to form? | Hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| What attaches the small intestine? | mesentery |
| What opening inside the deuodenum where the pancreatic enzymes and bile enter? | major duodenal papilla |
| What drug is used to relax the GI tract before double contrast study? | glucagon or other anticholinergic meds |
| What body position is recommended for an oblique view of the esophagus? | RAO |
| What body rotation is used for an oblique view of the esophagus? | 35-40 deg |
| What general body position is used for esophagus exam? | prone/recumbent |
| What are the advantages of using a recumbent body position for an esophagus exam? | shows variceal distentions of esophageal veins because varices are best filled by flow against gravity |
| What are the essential projections for the esophagus? | AP/PA, AP/PA Oblique, Lateral |
| In the lateral which plane is centered to the IR? | Midcoronal |
| What is the sequence for an esophogram for esophageal varices? | Exhale, swallow barium, aviod inspiration |
| All esophagus projections, the top of the IR is positioned where? | At the level of the mouth |
| The esophagus is posterior to _____. | trachea |
| How much lower is the IR for an upright view of the stomach? | 3-6" lower |
| Which projection requires a positioning sponge? | AP Oblique |
| Projection that best demostrates the fundus? | AP Oblique LPO |
| Projection that best demostrates anterior and posterior surfaces? | Lateral |
| Projection that best demostrates diaphrogmatic herniation? | AP Trendelenburg |
| AP which positions will best dempstrate the retrogastic portion of the duodenum and jejunum? | supine and trendenburg |
| Folds in the stomach are called? | Rugae |
| What opening joins the stomach and esophagus? | Cardiac orfice |
| What opening joins the small intestine and stomach? | pyloric orifice |
| PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates_____________ | Barium-filled stomach duodenal bulb |
| The stomach joins the esophagus at which junction? | Esophagogastric junction |
| What are the main subdivions of the stomach? | Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric portion |
| What is the lateral border of the stomach called? | greater curveature |
| Where will barium gravitate to in the prone position? | body and pylours |
| For a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum a 10 x 12 cassette is centered to what plane? | Sagittal |
| For a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum centered to what level? | L1 - L2 |
| For a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum a 14 x 17 cassette is centered to what plane? | sagittal |
| For a PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum what is the body rotation? | 40-70 deg |
| Which body habitus requires the most rotation? | hyperstentic |
| For the stomach and duodenum the AP oblique avg body rotation is? | 45 deg |
| For the stomach the AP oblique what is the range of body rotation ? | 30 - 60 deg |
| The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called? | duodebijejunal flexure |
| What is the functions of the spleen? | produces lymphocytes and stores and removes dead or dying blood cells |
| Specific radiographic exam of billiary ducts is termed _____ ? | Cholegraphy |
| What are the accescory glands of digestion? | Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| What is another word for swallowing? | Deglutition |
| Common passageway for both food and air? | Pharnyx |
| When food enters the stomach and combines with gastric secretions its known as_______. | Chyme |
Created by:
erikasmith28
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