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Primary function of the small intestine?
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Positioning Chptr 17
Digestive System-- LGI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary function of the small intestine? | Digestion and absorption of food |
| Primary function of the large intestine? | Reabsorption of fluids and elimination of waste. |
| Length of the small intestine? Length of the large intestine? | 22 feet; 5 feet |
| What are the four parts to the large intestine? | 1)Cecum 2)Colon 3)Rectum 4)Anal Canal |
| Where and what is the vermiform appendix attached to? | Posteromedial Side of the Cecum |
| The opening between the large intestine and small intestine is what? | Ileocecal Valve |
| What is the contraction wave that moves contents towards the rectum? | Peristalsis |
| What 2 abdominal regions are occupied almost entirely by the liver? | Epigastric and Right Hypochondrium regions |
| What methods are used to administer barium for radiographic examinations of the Small Intestine? | 1)By Mouth 2)Complete reflux filling with a large volume barium enema 3)Direct injection through an intestinal tube inserted into the nose or mouth (method called enteroclysis) |
| Which examinations are time stamps used for? | Small Bowel Series |
| "High-density" barium sulfate is used primarily for: | double-contrast intestine examinations ONLY |
| The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is: a. colostomy b. enterectomy c. enterotomy d. enterostomy | Enterostomy |
| What projection is used for radiographic examinations for defecography? | Lateral |
| In which body habitus will the large intestine appear bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen? | Asthenic Habitus |
| During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot" radiographs are usually taken of the: | 1.) pancreatic duct 2.)common bile duct |
| During an operative cholangiogram, the surgeon injects the contrast medium directly into the biliary system. Which of the following projections are typically done during this procedure in surgery? | 1.) AP 2.) AP oblique, RPO |
| What is the patient preparation for a small intestine examination? | 1)food and fluid withheld after the evening meal and no breakfast 2)preferably a soft or low residue diet for 2 days prior |
| The first small intestine radiograph is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks barium? | 15 Minutes |
| Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine? | AP and PA |
| Where is the IR centered for radiographs of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the barium? | L2 or 2 inches above the Iliac Crest |
| Where is the IR centered for delayed radiographs of the small intestine? | Level of the iliac crest |
| What is the respiration phase for projections of the large intestine? | Expiration |
| What methods are used for radiographic examinations of the colon? | Single or Double Contrast |
| What are the preparation methods for examinations of the colon? | 1)Laxatives 2)Dietary Restrictions 3)Cleansing enemas |
| What is the proper inflation of the retention balloon for barium enema? | One complete squeeze of the 90mL inflator under fluoroscopy |
| What is the patient position for a barium enema tip insertion? | Sims |
| How far above the anus is the bag placed? | 18 inches to no more than 24 inches |
| Which radiographs are taken during a single contrast BE? | Spot radiographs and Post evac (AP or PA, PA Obliques, Axial for Sigmoid, and lateral) |
| What are the methods of performing a double contrast barium enema? | Single stage, & two stage by Welin |
| For AP or PA projections of a sthenic patient during a barium enema, where is the IR centered? | Level of the Iliac Crest |
| Which projections will show the rectosigmoid area? | AP/PA Axial and Lateral |
| What is the CR angle for the PA Axial projection of the large intestine? | 30-40 Caudad |
| What is the amount of body rotation for the PA Obliques of the large intestine (RAO or LAO) | 35 to 45 degrees |
| The CR enters what body plane for a PA Oblique projection of the large intestine? | Sagittal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral of the midline toward the elevated side at the level of the iliac crest |
| Which projection(s) best demonstrates the Right Colic Flexure? | AP LPO or PA RAO |
| Which projection best demonstrates the Ascending Colon? | PA RAO/ AP LPO |
| The PA Oblique projection LAO best demonstrates what part of the colon? | Left colic flexure and the descending portion |
| Which projection(s) best demonstrates the Left Colic Flexure? | PA LAO / AP RPO |
| At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? | ASIS |
| What plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection? | Midcoronal plane |
| What is the central ray angle for an AP Axial projection of the large intestine? | 30 to 40 degrees Cephalad |
| What is the degree of body rotation for the AP Oblique projection of the large intestine? | 35 to 45 degees |
| Which projections clearly demonstrate the descending colon? | PA Oblique LAO and AP Oblique RPO |
| Where is the IR centered for a decubitus projection of the large intestine? | Level of the Iliac Crest |
| What method demonstrates the rectum and rectosigmoid area in true axial? | Chassard-Lapine Method (patient bent over grabbing ankles) |
| The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called? | Haustra |
| What is the pouchlike portion of the large intestine below the junction of the ileum and colon? | Cecum |
| Where does the ascending colon join the transverse colon? | Right colic flexure |
| How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon exam? | No more than 4 inches |
| The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection(s)? | AP or PA |
| In the left lateral decubitus position, air will be demonstrated where in the large intestine? | Lateral side of Ascending and Medial side of Descending |
| What Projection and position will best demonstrate the posterior portion of the colon? | Lateral projection in Left or Right Ventral Decubitus position |
| What part of the small intestine makes up three-fifths of its entirety? | Ileum |
| Which part of the large intestine is located highest, or most superior, in the abdomen? | Left colic flexure |
| What part of the colon is not considered a main part of the colon? | Cecum |
| Which part of the large intestine has the widest diameter? | Cecum |
| Which part of the colon has the greatest amount of potential movement? | Transverse Colon |
| What is the name for the three bands of muscle that pull the large intestine into pouches? | Taeniae Coli |
| Which part(s) of the colon will most likely be filled with air with the patient in the prone position? | Ascending, Descending, & Rectum |
| The circular staircase, or herringbone pattern, is a common radiographic sign for what? | Ileus |
| What condition may produce the "cobblestone" or "string" sign? | Regional Enteritis (Crohn's Disease) |
| Which procedure is considered a functional study with the intestine? | Small Bowel Series |
| When is a small series deemed to be complete? | Once contrast media passes the ileocecal valve |
| What is a term describing a "double-Contrast" small bowel procedure? | Enteroclysis |
| What condition would an enteroclysis study be indicated for? | Regional Enteritis (Crohn's Disease) |
| What is the amount of barium ingested for the average adult in a small bowel series? | 16 ounces |
| The tip of the catheter is advanced to the ____________ during an enteroclysis. | Duodenojejunal Flexure (suspensory ligament) |
| The "stovepipe" radiographic sign is often seen with what pathology? | Chronic Ulcerative Colitis |
| A telescoping, or invagination, of one part of the intestine into another is termed ____________. | Intussusception |
| The tapered or 'corkscrew' radiographic sign is often seen with ______________. | Volvulus |
| Which radiographic sign is frequently seen with carcinoma of the colon? | Napkin ring or apple core sign |
| Which of the following is classified as an irritant laxative? | Castor Oil |
| What conditions would contraindicate the use of a cathartic prior to a barium enema? | Ileus |
| During the initial enema tip insertion, the tip is aimed toward the ___________. | Umbilicus |
| What pathologic condition is best demonstrated with evacuative proctography? | Rectal prolapse |
| The idea kV range for a double-contrast barium enema is? | 80 to 90 kV |
| Central ray and image receptor centering for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph should be? | Level of the iliac crest |
| Which projection/position is most commonly performed during an evacuative proctogram? | Lateral |
| Why is the PA rather than the AP recommended for a small bowel series? | Better separation of the loops of the small intestine. |
| A radiograph of an AP barium enema projection reveals poor visualization of the sigmoid due to excessive superimposition of the sigmoid colon and rectum. How can this area be better visualized on the repeat? | Angle the CR 30 - 40 degrees cephalad with the AP projection |
| A patient comes in with possible diverticulosis. Which study is most diagnostic for detecting this condition? | Double Contrast Barium Enema |
| If a patient is having a double contrast BE but cannot lie on their side, what projection could replace the lateral rectum projection? | Ventral Decubitus |
| What BE projection/position provides the greatest amount of gonadal dosage to both male and female patients? | Lateral Rectum |
| What is another name for the AP Axial projection? | Butterfly position |
| If insertion of the enema tip experiences resistance, what should the next step be by the technologist? | Have the radiologist insert under fluoro |
| UGI, IVP, BE: What is the correct scheduling sequence? | IVU, BE, UGI |
| Desirable qualities for a barium sulfate suspension for the lower GI tract are: | Uniform coating and No foam-forming elements |
| The lateral and Chassard-Lapine projections are most commonly used for visualization of what during a lower GI tract exam? | Rectosigmoid Region |
| When would saline be used for mixing barium sulfate suspension instead of normal tap water? | Patients with hypoglycemia (older patients) during a BE |
| What position may be used to separate the overlaying loops of the large intestine? | Trendelenburg |
| What procedure would best be able to assist in a suspected diagnosis of Crohn's Disease? | Barium Enema or small bowel series |
| What projections are taken during a barium enema to demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? | lateral, PA axial, AP Axial |
| During radiographic evaluation of the large intestine using a barium contrast agent, the AP Oblique projections are most commonly employed to improve visualization of what? | Right & Left Colic Flexures |
| During evaluation of the large intestine, the use of high density barium contrast agent in combination with air has proven to be beneficial in the evaluation of what? | Intestinal Polyps |
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foster1317
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