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Foundations
Chapter 12 Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antiseptic | A substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms; may be used on humans |
| asepsis | Free of pathogenic microorganisms |
| carrier | Person or animal who harbors and spreads an organism, causing disease in others but does not itself become ill |
| Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) | Federal agency that provides facilities and services for investigation, identification, prevention, and control of disease; headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia |
| contamination | Condition of being soiled, stained, touched or otherwise exposed to harmful agents by the entry of infectious or toxic material into a previously clean or sterile environment; making an object potentially unsafe for use as intended |
| disinfection | Process by which pathogens, but not necessarily their spores, are destroyed |
| double bagging | Infection control practice of placing a bag of contaminated items into another bag that is clean and held outside the isolation room by a second staff member |
| endogenous | Growing within the body; originating from with the body, or produced from internal causes, such as a disease caused by the structural or functional failure of an organ or system |
| fomite | Nonliving material, such as bed linens, stethoscope, needles, and many other objects that may host and transfer pathogenic microorganisms |
| health care- associated infection | An infection manifested at least 48 hours after hospitalization or contact with another health agency |
| host | A person or a group who, because of risk factors, may be susceptible to disease or illness; an organism in which another, usually parasitic, organism is nourished and harbored |
| infection prevention and control | The implantation of policies and procedures in hospitals and other health care facilities to minimize the spread of health-care associated or community-acquired infections to patients and other staff members |
| medical asepsis | A group of techniques that inhibit the growth and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Sometimes referred to as clean technique |
| microorganisms | Any tine (usually microscopic) entity capable of carrying on living processes; kinds of microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses; seen only by a microscope |
| reservoir | Any natural habitat of a microorganism that promotes growth and reproduction |
| spore | The reproductive cell of some microorganisms such fungi or protozoa. These cells are highly resistant to heat and chemicals. Under proper environmental conditions they may revert to an actively multiplying form of bacterium (e.g., gas gangrene or tetanus) |
| standard precautions | A set of guidelines set forth by the CDC to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens and pathogens for moist body substances. These precautions promote handwashing and use of gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns |
| sterilization | a process by which all microorganisms, including their spores, are destroyed |
| surgical asepsis | A group of techniques that destroy all microorganisms and their spores (sterile technique) |
| vector | A living carrier for transmission of microorganisms |
| vehicle | The means by which organisms are carried about |
| virulent | Having the power to produce disease; of or pertaining to a very pathogenic or rapidly progressive condition |
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