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Down Syndrome
SLD 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prevalence of DS | 1 in 700 to 1000 live births, males and females, and all ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. It is generally not hereditary |
| Influence of mother's age at birth on DS | Incidence of DS increases with maternal age, but 80 % of babies with DS are born to women under 35 because younger women have more children. (At 45 there is a 1 in 30 chance) |
| Cause of DS | Trisomy 21--3 chromosomes instead of 2 in the 21st chromosome 'pair' (something goes wrong in cell division) |
| Physical features of DS | small head w/ flat face, small ears, small mouth w/ protruding tongue, broad neck, epicanthal folds, shortened fingers & toes, horizontal crease in palm, enlarged gap between big and 2nd toes, short stature, shortened limbs, hypotonia |
| Hypotonia | decreased muscle tone |
| Medical concerns of DS | Congenital heart defects; hearing loss; opthalmic (eyes), endocrine (hormones), and dental conditions; obesity (thyroids); skin conditions; shortened life span |
| Strength of DS | visual-spatial skills |
| Weaknesses of DS | verbal and auditory skills |
| State of expressive language with DS | lags behind comprehension and mental age |
| Difficulties in form with DS | difficulties with negatives, wh-questions, irregular past (I went to the store), embedded sentences (I see that John is coming), and passives (Mary was chased by Sam) |
| Difficulties in content with DS | reduced vocab |
| Difficulties in phonology with DS | impaired articulation and dysfluencies present |
| Difficulties in use with DS | pragmatics less impaired than other areas of language |
| Developmental trajectories of DS | dev. slows as get olde; difficulty attaining Brown's stage III (2-3 word combos) and with grammatical morphemes; may continue dev. vocab, early lang., and social competence until early 20's |
| High risk of _______ in people with DS | Alzheimer's Disease--after age 30 brains show characteristics of AD neuropathology |
| Intervention of DS includes | Feeding and swallowing; use of total communication; address literacy issues (phonetic decoding vs sight vocab, phonemic awareness) |
| Total communication | the theory or practice of incorporating all means of communication, including speech, speechreading, auditory training, sign language, and writing during speech therapy |
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100000299709410
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