Help
Options
Question
Group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Hyperglycemia can be d/t defects in
Remaining cards (50)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #121109
a MCPHS- Provider I- Ch 41- Assessment & Management of Pts w/DM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Hyperglycemia can be d/t defects in | Insulin secretion, Insulin action, Both |
| Insulin functions r/t glucose | Transport, Metabolism, Stimulates storage, Inhibits breakdown, Signals liver to stop release |
| Storage sites of glucose | Liver & muscles |
| Other functions of insulin | Enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue, Transport of amino acids into cells, Inhibits breakdown of protein and fat |
| Type 1 DM d/t | Autoimmune destruction of Beta cells in pancreas |
| 2 factors causing Type 2 DM | Decreased sensitivity to insulin (resistance), Impaired beta cell function |
| DM that can be controlled by diet | Type 2 DM |
| Fasting blood glucose > | 126 mg/dL |
| Random glucose > | 200 mg/dL |
| Three P's r/t Clinical Manifestation of DM | Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia |
| Polydipsia vs. Polyphagia | Dip:excessive thirst, Phagia:excessive eating |
| Dietary goals r/t DM | Optimal nutrition, Meet energy needs, Reasonable weight, Prevent wide glucose fluctuations, Decrease serum lipids |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) caused by | Type I diabetes |
| Main causes r/t DKA | Noncompliance w/insulin regimen, Illness/infection, Undiagnosed/untreated diabetes |
| Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketonic Syndrome(HHNS) caused by | Type II diaetes |
| Complication r/t Diabetes can occur in anyone w/ | Type I and Type II diabetes, Not only Pts using insulin |
| Glucagon function | Stimulates liver to release glucose |
| Pathophysiology effects r/t Type I diabetes | Decreased insulin production, Rampant glucose production by liver, Fasting hyperglycemia, Glucose not stored in liver |
| Ketone bodies are byproducts of | Fat breakdown |
| S/Sx r/t DKA | Abd pain, N/V, Hyperventilation, Acetone breath(fruity odor) |
| Insulin problems r/t Type II diabetes | Insulin resistance, Impaired insulin secretion |
| Primary treatment r/t Type II diabetes | Weight loss |
| Main goal r/t Diabetes treatment | Normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels, Reduce development of complications |
| Glycated hemoglobin(A1C) reflects | Average blood glucose levels over the last 2-3 months |
| A1C binds to | RBC's for the cells entire life |
| Rapid-acting vs. Short-acting vs. Intermediate-acting vs. Very long-acting r/t Insulin names | R:Lispro, S:Regular, I:NPH, V:Lantus |
| Rapid-acting vs. Short-acting vs. Intermediate-acting vs. Very long-acting r/t Onset period | R:15 min, S:30 min, I:2 hrs, V:1 hr |
| Insulin regimens goal | Mimic normal pattern of insulin secretion d/t food intake and activity patterns |
| Pt requirements r/t Complex insulin regimens | Commitment, Intensive education, Close follow-up w/health care team |
| Complications r/t Insulin therapy | Local/systemic allergic reactions, Insulin lipodystrophy, Insulin resistance, Morning hyperglycemia |
| 3 types of Morning hyperglycemia | Dawn phenomenon, Insulin waning, Somogyi effect |
| Alternative methods r/t Insulin delivery | Insulin pen, Jet injector, Insulin pump, Implantable insulin delivery, Pancreatic cell transplants |
| First skills taught r/t Newly diagnosed diabetics | Needle insertion & insulin injection |
| Absorption rates(Fastest to slowest) r/t Injections sites | Abd(fastest), arm, thigh, hip(slowest) |
| Hypoglycemia r/t Blood glucose level | Less than 60 mg/dL |
| Hypoglycemia causes | Too much insulin or physical activity, Too little food |
| Mild vs. Moderate vs. Severe hypoglycemia r/t Manefestations | Mild:adrenergic symptoms(sweating, tremor, tachycardia, hunger), Moderate:adrenergic symptoms plus some CNS impairities, S:extremely impaired CNS function(Pt needs assistance) |
| Immediate treatment r/t Hypoglycemia | 15g fast-acting concentrated CHO |
| Emergency treatment r/t Hypoglycemia | 1 mg glucagon |
| Time r/t Snacking | Peak insulin activity |
| 3 main clinical feature r/t DKA | Hyperglycemia, Dehydration/electrolyte loss, Acidosis |
| DKA treatment factors that reduce serum K levels | Rehydration, Insulin administration |
| Precipitating events r/t HHNS | Acute illness, Medications exacerbating hyperglycemia, Recent history of polyuria w/adequate fluid intake |
| Ketosis & acidosis r/t HHNS | Generally do not occur |
| Manifestations r/t HHNS | Hypotension, Severe dehydration, Tachycardia, Variable neurologic signs |
| Initial treatments r/t DKA & HHNS | Fluid replacement, Correct electrolyte imbalances, Insulin administration |
| Cause r/t Diabetic retinopathy | Changes in blood vessels of retina |
| Autonomic neuropathy r/t Adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia | Symptoms are diminshed/absent |
| Subtle sign r/t Hypoglycemia | Numbness around mouth, Difficulty concentrating |
| Manifestations r/t Sudomotor neuropathy | Decreased/absence of sweating in extremities, Increased upper body sweating |
Created by:
rpclothier
Popular Nursing sets