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OA Helath Test II
DIGESTION & NUTRITION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Smell and taste are both important but which is the more significant? | SMELL and decline more than taste |
| What are some of the age related changes that affect smell? | Change in the CNS; Smoking; Vit. B12 def; Periodontal ds & oral infections; Upper resp. ds –sinusitis; Systemic ds – dementia, DM, Hypothyroidism; Occupational experiences - working in a factory |
| What medications effect smell? | Medications – antihistamines, diltiazem, streptomycin |
| How do age related changes in the teeth and the support structures influence the digestive processes? | Tooth enamel becomes harder & more brittle; Dentin becomes fibrous; Nerve changes become shorter and narrower; Teeth less sensitive to stimuli and more susceptible to fractures; Gradual flattening; Teeth diminish in height and density; May loosen/fall out |
| What have recent studies shown related to secretion of acid and pepsin in older adults? | No decline or increase of acid and pepsin |
| What % of older adults maintain normal gastric acid secretion? | More than 80% maintain normal gastric acid secretion |
| How do age-related changes in the liver affect nutrition & digestion? | Liver: more fibrotic, smaller, lipofuscin accumulates, blood flow to the liver decreases by 1/3, can compensate for such changes without significantly affecting digestive function |
| How do age-related changes in the Pancreas affect nutrition & digestion? | Pancreas: decreased weight, hyperplasia of the duct, fibrosis of the love, decreased responsiveness of pancreatic B cells to glucose, diminished insulin secretion increases the susceptibility of older adults to develop glucose intolerance and type 2 diabe |
| How do age-related changes in the liver affect nutrition & digestion? | Gallbladder: diminished bile acid synthesis, widening of common bile duct, increased secretion of cholecystokinin, biliary sphincter, increased biliary bacterial flora, increased incidence of cholelithiasis (may suppress food intake) |
| In the large intestine, age-related changes predispose an older adult to ____? | constipation |
| Describe how inadequate oral care contributes to poor nutrition and digestion? | Stomatitis, xerostomia, tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontal disease, medications can decrease saliva production… |
| What other risk factors affect digestion and nutrition? | Discuss how they affect nutrition and digestion? Functional impairments; medications; lifestyle factors; Psychological factors; cultural & socioeconomic factors; behaviors; & environmental factors |
| How do functional impairments effect digestion and nutrition? | Functional impairments and Ds processes = interfere with ability to procure and prepare food, availability of food and staff to feed pt, dysphasia, chronic gastritis, infections, hyperthyroidism, RA, COPD, Alzheimer’s |
| How can medications effect digestion & nutrition? | Medication = increased amount of meds being taken, interfere with digestion and eating through adverse effects such as anorexia, xerostomia, early satiety, impaired smell and taste perception, interfere with absorption and excretion of nutrients, constipa |
| How can lifestyle factors effect digestion and nutrition? | Lifestyle Factors = alcohol provides empty calories, interferes with Vit C and B and smoking diminishes smell and taste |
| What are the psychological factors that affect digestion and nutrition? | Psychological Factors: eating alone, hard to adjust shopping and buying for 1 person after a death of the spouse, stress and anxiety, depression |
| How can cultural and socioeconomic factors effect digestion and nutrition? | Cultural & Socioeconomic Factors:ethnic background, religious beliefs, and other cultural factors effect the way people define, select, prepare, and eat food and beverages. Economic status and education |
| How does the environment affect digestion and nutrition? | Environmental Factors: limited food selection, low staffing levels, noisy or crowded have neg. impact, weather conditions, depending on others to drive to store, lights in grocery store, hard to read small labels |
| How do behaviors affect digestion and nutrition? | Behaviors based on myths and misunderstandings: roughage and raw veggies are unhealthy for OA – but not true, daily bowel movement is the norm for good digestive function – not true for OA so they may resort to laxative, Drink less fluids to reduce chance |
| What nursing interventions can you do to address risk factors that interfere with digestion and nutrition? | Oral care daily (w/ dental floss q12h); Use soft bristle; avoid the use of alcohol-containing mouthwashes because of their drying effects; visit dentist q6months; After eating sugar-containing foods, rinse your mouth or brush your teeth…(Hint: Display 14- |
| Promotion of oral and dental health is a goal of Healthy People 2010. What can you do as a nurse? | Teach OA about basic nutritional requirements using easy to understand educational materials; Change eating patterns; Vitamins |
Created by:
cgwayland
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