Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
TermTest 1
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death | Pathology |
| The study of how disease affects body function | Pathophysiology |
| Having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions | Health |
| Being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions | Disease |
| The study of the cause of a disease | Etiology |
| A disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene | Genetic |
| A disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth | Congenital |
| A disease, condition, or trait that developed because of being exposed to something during your life | Acquired |
| Without a clearly identified cause | Idiopathic |
| Evidence of a disease that is objective and can be seen, measured, or recorded | Signs |
| Evidence of a disease that is subjective and cannot be seen, measured, or recorded | Symptoms |
| The events that lead to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses | Pathogenesis |
| A disease that develops and resolves rapidly | Acute |
| A disease that develops gradually and lasts longer than 3 months | Chronic |
| The lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease | Remission |
| An increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs or symptoms | Exacerbation |
| A condition that is confined to one area | Local |
| A condition that affects the entire body | Systemic |
| A procedure that utilizes a fiber optic camera to view structures inside of the body | Endoscopy |
| The ability of an object to stop or slow radiation | Radiodensity |
| A visual recording of differences in radiodensity of anatomical structures | X-Rays |
| X-rays that utilize a contrastmedia to increase the radiodensity of selected fluids within the body, producing an image of the structures containing the fluid | Contrast X-Rays |
| A visual recording of differences in the rate of return and intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects within the body | Ultrasound |
| A recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system | Electrocardiograms |
| A recording of the electrical activity of the brain, most often recording the cerebral cortex | Electroencephalogram |
| Any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move air or the capacities of the respiratory system. Often referred to as PFTs (pulmonary function tests) | Spirometry |
| The use of chemicals to kill cells within the body. Two main types of chemotherapy are used-to kill cancer cells or microorganisms | Chemotherapy |
| The use of drugs to treat disease | Pharmacological |
| Any form of treatment that relieves signs & symptoms without curing a disease. May include the use of medication (such as a decongestant or pain reliever), therapeutic massage, counseling, physical therapy, orthotic devices,... | Palliative |
| A prediction of the likely outcome or consequence of having a disease | Prognosis |
| A consequence of a previous disease. (Ex. rheumatic heart disease sometimes occurs following a strep infection) | Sequela |
| A morbid process or event occuring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease, although it may result from it. (Ex blindness is a complication often associated with diabetes) | Complications |
| A disease likely to cause death | Terminal |
| The transfer of a harmful amount of energy. The energy may be mechanical, electrical, radiation, or thermal | Trauma |
| lacking in something that is essential (vitamin, glucose, protein, oxygen, water,..) | Deficiency |
| Being exposed to a toxic level of something | Intoxication |
| To increase in size | Hypertrophy |
| To decrease in size | Atrophy |
| An increase in the rate of mitosis and therefore cell number | Hyperplasia |
| A change in cell or tissue structure | Metaplasia |
| Irregular cell or tissue structure. Often considered a potentially cancerous change | Dysplasia |
| Growth of cells and tissue into new areas, resulting in a tumor. May be benign or malignanat | Neoplasia |
| A protective response of tissue or injury or infection. Causes an increase in blood flow and pain in the affected region, as well as leukocytosis | Inflammation |
| Chemicals that cause a fever | Pyrogens |
| An increase int he number of WBC to more than 10,000 mm3. A WBC count of 15,000-25,000 commonly occurs as result of infection, inflammation, or hemorrhage | Leukocytosis |
| The excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Contains a high level of proteins and neutrophils when compared ot normal tissue fluid | Exudate |
| A thin, clear watery fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation | Serous Exudates |
| A thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Also called pus | Purulent Exudate |
| A response to injury or infection that leads to the production of pus | Suppurative Inflammation |
| Replacing damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring the tissue to its original condition | Regeneration |
| Replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue | Repair |
| The binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue | Adhesions |
| The over production of scar tissue that sometimes occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous layer and results in a mass of scar tissue that is often tender or painful | Keloid Scarring |
| The shortening of scar tissue over time OR the shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes | Contracture |
| The narrowing of any canal or opening, such as the intesting, a blood vessel, or a heart valve | Stenosis |
| The process of hardening. Can occur as the result of scar formation or the accumulation of deposits known as plaques | Sclerosis |
| Tissue death | Necrosis |
| An early stage in the development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy. The time when a person feels as if they are "coming down with something" | Prodromal Stage |
| A severe, systemic allergic response that is characterized by vasodilation (which causes a severe drop in blood pressure) and bronchoconstricion (resulting in severe difficulty in breathing) | Anaphylaxis |
| The immune system's constant search for an antigen | Immunosurveillance |
| The immune system's ability to recognize and not attack normally occurring tissues within the body | Immunotolerance |
| The development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until the appearance of the first clinical signs and symptoms | Incubation |
| The time during an infection when clinical signs and symptoms begin to develop | Acute Stage |
| A nonmalignant neoplasm | Benign |
| A cancerous neoplasm | Malignant |
| The development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries | Angiogenesis |
| Proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening test of the person's blood | Tumor Markers |
| A malignancy that originates in epithelial tissues | Carcinoma |
| A malignancy that originates in connective tissue | Sarcoma |
| A malignancy that originates within the tissue of the central nervous system | Glioma |
| The process of developing a malignant neoplasm | Carcinogenesis |
| Carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activating oncogenes | Initiators (of cancer) |
| Carcinogens that decrease the body's ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes | Promoters (of cancer) |
| The nucleic acid that contains all of an individual's genes. Found in the nucleus of every cell. Different cells are different because, though they contain the same DNA, they use different genes. | DNA |
| A region on DNA that contains the "code" for making one protein. | Genes |
| Different forms of a gene. | Alleles |
| An allele that is always expressed | Dominant |
| An allele that will be expressed only when the person is homozygous. It is hidden or partially hidden in the presence of a dominant allele. | Recessive |
| A two letter code that describes which allel a person has. (AA, Aa, aa,..) | Genotype |
| Having the same two alleles for a gene. | Homozygous |
| Having different alleles for a gene | Heterozygous |
| The allele that we can see evidence of. | Expressed |
| Describes what characteristics are produced as a result of having a certain genotype. | Phenotype |
| The combination of DNA and proteins found in a cell that is going through mitosis. | Chromosomes |
| Chromosome pairs 1-22 | Autosomes |
| The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans. | Sex Chromosomes |
| Describes the microscopic appearance of the chromosomes | Karyotype |
| Having the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes | Diploid |
| having an abnormal number of chromosomes | Aneuploid |
| Missing a chromosome | Monosomy |
| Having an extra copy of a chromosome | Trisomy |
| The percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells | Hematocrit |
| The average size of a red blood cell | Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) |
| A group of diseases that decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen | Anemias |
| A group of diseases that results in a dramatic increase in the number of leukoblasts | Leukemias |
| Having an abnormally high number of erythrocytes | Polycythemia |
| A decrease in the number of all normal blood cells | Pancytopenia |
| A decrease in the number of red blood cells | Erythrocytopenia |
| A decrease in the number of white blood cells | Leukopenia |
| Having a low number of platelets | Thrombocytopenia |
| A genetic decrease in the activity of one of the clotting factors | Hemophilia |
| A group of genetic anemias resulting in a decrease in the synthesis of globin chains. | Thalassemias |
| Any factor from withing the body | Intrinsic factor (general) |
| A protein secreted by gastric glands that is needed for the absorption of B-12 | Intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia) |
| Any factor coming from outside the body | Extrinsic Factor (general) |
| Vitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamine) | Extrinsic Factor (pernicious anemia) |
| Any diagnostic procedure that listens to body sounds | Auscultation |
| An ultrasound of the heart | Echocardiography |
| An electrocardiogram performed while the heart rate is elevated | Stress Test |
| A contrast x-ray showing circulation | Angiography |
| Proteins released from damaged cardiac tissue into the blood; used as a diagnostic indicator of myocardial infarction | Cardiac Markers |
| Having a normal heart rhythm established by the sioatrial node | Normal Sinus Rhythm |
| Having a resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute | Bradycardia |
| Having a resting heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute | Tachycardia |
| The inability of valve to either open or close properly | Valvular Incompetence |
| The inability of a valve to open completely | Valvular Stenosis |
| When one of the AV valves swings up into the atrium when it should be closed | Valvular Prolapse |
| The build up of fatty deposits (plaque) within blood vessels | Atherosclerosis |
| Hardening of the arteries | Arteriosclerosis |
| Narrowing of the arteries | Arteriostenosis |
| A local decrease in the blood flow due to obstruction | Ischemia |
| Chest pains as a result of myocardial ischemia | Angina Pectoris |
| Ischemic necrosis of heart muscle. A heart attack. | Myocardial Infarctions |
| A temporary decrease in cerebral function as a result of ischemia | Tia |
| Chronic high blood pressure that is a complication of another condition | Secondary Hypertension |
| Chronic high blood pressure of an unknown origin | Primary (essential) Hypertension |
| Localized dilation of an artery or chamber of the heart as a result of a weakness in the wall | Aneurysm |
| Coughing up blood from the lungs | Hemoptysis |
| A lack of oxygen | Hypoxia |
| An excess of carbon dioxide | Hypercapnea |
| A decrease in the pH of body fluids as a result of a buildup of carbon dioxide | Respiratory Acidosis |
| A partial or complete collapse of the lung tissue | Atelectasis |
| The presence of air between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura | Pneumothorax |
| A group of over-inflated alveoli | Bullae |
| A lesion through the skin or a mucous membrane | Ulcer |
| A lesion caused by pepsin | Pepsin Ulcer |
| A lesion in the mucosal lining of the duodenum | Duodenal Ulcer |
| A lesion in the mucosal lining of the stomach | Gastric Ulcer |
| A lesion in the mucosal lining of the esophagus | Esophageal Ulcer |
| A pouch or sac that developed off of a tubular structure such as the intestine | Diverticulum |
| Inflammation of a pouch or sac opening off of a tubular structure | Diverticulitis |
| The presence of diverticula within the intestine | Diverticulosis |
| The presence of stones within the gall bladder or biliary ducts | Cholelithiases |
| A disease of nervous tissue | Neuropathy |
| A disease of muscle tissue | Myopathy |
| A contrast x-ray showing the structures that carry urine | Intravenous Pyelogram |
| A blood test used as an indicator of kidney function. It measures that quantity of urea, which is a waste product of protein metabolism | Bun |
| A measure of kidney function that compares the quantity of creatinine excreted in the urine over a 24 hour period to the concentration of creatinine in the blood | Creatinine Clearance |
| Using an endoscope to examine the urinary bladder | Cystoscopy |
Created by:
808963851
Popular Nursing sets