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Who was the first President of the United States?
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An act or decision that sets an example for others to follow is a ________.
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The New Nation- SGMS
Mr. D's "New Nation" Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the first President of the United States? | George Washington |
| An act or decision that sets an example for others to follow is a ________. | precedent |
| The group of officials who head government departments and advise the President is called the ______. | Cabinet |
| Who was George Washington's first Secretary of State? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was George Washington's first Secretary of the Treasury? | Alexander Hamilton |
| Who was George Washington's first Secretary of War? | Henry Knox |
| Who was George Washington's first Attorney General? | Edmund Randolph |
| Who was George Washington's first Postmaster General? | Samuel Osgood |
| What was the 1789 law passed by Congress that organized the federal court system? | The Judiciary Act |
| How many judges on the Supreme Court did the Judiciary Act call for? | Six- one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices |
| Who was the the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? | John Jay |
| A _____ is a certificate that promises to repay the money loaned plus interest on a certain date. | bond |
| The total sum of money that a government owes is called the _____ ______. | national debt |
| Who was the member of Congress that led the opposition to Hamilton's plan to pay off the national and state debts? | James Madison |
| Someone who is willing to invest in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit is a _______. | speculator |
| Why did Alexander Hamilton argue that the country must repay its bonds in full? | Paying off the country's debts would help the new government earn respect, trust, and the help of investors. |
| What part of the country opposed Hamilton's plan to pay off the state debts? | The South- Most southern states had already paid off their debts. |
| What city was the nation's first capital under the Constitution? | New York City |
| In a compromise for southern support of Hamilton's debt repayment plan, the capital was moved from New York City to ________ and then _______. | Philadelphia and then the District of Columbia. |
| The District of Columbia is on land along the Potomac River between what two states? | Maryland and Virginia |
| What is a tax on imports called? | a tariff |
| A tax placed on foreign goods to protect your country's goods from foreign competition is called a ______ _______. | protective tariff |
| What were the two parts of Hamilton's plan to help the nation's economy? | 1. Hamilton called on Congress to set up the Bank of the United States. 2. Hamilton wanted Congress to pass a protective tariff to help American industry. |
| What were the two taxes passed by congress in 1791? | 1. The protective tariff 2. The tax on liquor made and sold in the United States |
| What event resulted from the tax on making and selling liquor in the United States? | The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) |
| Where did the Whiskey Rebellion take place? | western Pennsylvania |
| How did the U.S. government, under the Constitution, react to the Whiskey Rebellion? | George Washington and Alexander Hamilton led close to 13,000 militia troops into western Pennsylvania to put down the rebellion and enforce the law. |
| What happened to the ringleaders of the Whiskey Rebellion? | The leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion were tried for treason, found guilty, sentenced to be executed, and were pardoned by President Washington. |
| What was the "Bastille"? | A French fort, in Paris,that was being used as a prison |
| The attack, by an angry French mob in Paris, on the Bastille marked the beginning of the _____ _______. | French Revolution |
| What was the date of the attack on the Bastille that triggered the French Revolution? | July 14, 1789 |
| How did Americans respond to the French Revolution? | Some Americans supported the French Revolution and some were opposed to it. |
| Why did some Americans support the French Revolution? | 1. Americans supported the French struggle for liberty. 2. France was our ally in the Revolutionary War. 3. The Marquis de Lafayette was a leading reformer in the French Revolution. |
| Why were some Americans opposed to the French Revolution? | 1. The "Reign of Terror"- tens of thousands of French citizens were executed. 2. Many thought the violence would doom the French Revolution. |
| What precedent regarding Presidential terms of office did Washington set? | He served two four-year terms and did not seek a third term. |
| What precedent did Washington set for running the executive branch? | Washington chose a group of advisors to run the executive departments and offer him advice. |
| What section of the country supported the protective tariff? | The North- factories were becoming an increasingly important part of the northern economy |
| What part of the country was opposed to the protective tariff? | The South- southern farmers bought more imported goods than northerners did and the tariff would make imports more expensive. |
| Who was George Washington's Vice President? | John Adams |
| Why did George Washington issue the Neutrality Proclamation? | He wanted to keep the United States out of the war in Europe between France and Great Britain. Americans were forbidden to help either side. |
| Why did President Washington send John Jay to Great Britain in 1793? | In 1793, Great Britain captured more than 250 American ships in the French West Indies. Many Americans wanted to go to war with Great Britain. President Washington hoped to avoid war with Great Britain. |
| What were the terms of Jay's Treaty? | 1. Britain agreed to pay damages for the American ships seized in 1793. 2. The U.S. agreed to pay debts owed to British merchants from before the Revolutionary War. 3. Britain agreed to give up forts it still held in the Ohio River Valley. |
| What didn't Britain agree to in Jay's Treaty? | Britain did not agree to respect the neutrality of American ships at sea. |
| According to the Constitution, who had the power to ratify Jay's Treaty? | The Senate by a two-thirds vote |
| How did Britain and France respond to the Neutrality Proclamation? | France and Great Britain seized American cargoes headed for each other's ports. |
| Why was there a crisis on the frontier in the 1790s? | American settlers ignored U.S. treaties with the Native Americans and took over Indian lands. The Native Americans responded by attacking the settlers. |
| What battle ended the fighting on the frontier in 1794? | The American victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers |
| Who led the American forces to victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers? | General Anthony Wayne |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Greenville (1795)? | 1. The Native Americans agreed to give up the southern half of present day Ohio. 2. In return, the Indian nations received $20,000 (about 1/8 cent per acre) and a promise of more money if they kept the peace. |
| What was Washington's Farewell Address? | George Washington's published announcement that he would retire. |
| What advice did Washington give the nation in his Farewell Address? | 1. Avoid making permanent alliances with foreign nations 2. avoid political parties |
| Why did Americans have a distrust of political parties in the 1790s? | Americans had seen that political parties in Great Britain were corrupt and that their party members were more interested in personal gain than the public good. Americans were also worried that political parties divide the country. |
| What were the two political parties that formed in the 1790s? | The Federalists and the Democratic Republicans |
| Who was the leader of the Federalist Party? | Alexander Hamilton |
| Who was the leader of the Democratic Republicans? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Which party favored a strong national government? | The Federalists |
| Which party favored Great Britain in the war in Europe? | The Federalists |
| Which party believed that the people should have the political power? | The Democratic Republicans |
| Which party supported the protective tariff? | The Federalists |
| Which party opposed the national bank? | The Democratic Republicans |
| Which party favored an agricultural economy? | The Democratic-Republicans |
| Which party believed that the wealthy and well-educated should have the political power? | The Federalists |
| Which party favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution? | The Federalists |
| Which party favored the national bank? | The Federalists |
| Which party favored strong state governments? | The Democratic Republicans |
| Which party favored France in the war in Europe? | The Democratic Republicans |
| Which party favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution? | The Democratic Republicans |
| Which party favored an economy based on manufacturing? | The Federalists |
| Which party was opposed to the protective tariff? | The Democratic Republicans |
| If an act or a law is not permitted by the Constitution, it is ________. | unconstitutional |
| How did newspapers influence the growth of political parties? | Newspaper publishers supported political parties and used their influence to shape public opinion. |
| Who did the Federalist run for President in the election of 1796? | John Adams |
| Who did the Democratic Republicans run for President in 1796? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who won the election of 1796? | John Adams- Federalist |
| According to the Constitution, who elects the President? | The electoral college |
| Who did the electoral college choose as John Adams Vice President? | Thomas Jefferson- Democratic Republican |
| What were the two countries that were involved in the XYZ Affair? | France and the United States |
| Why did France begin to seize American ships in the West Indies in 1797? | France was upset with the United States because of our ratification of Jay's Treaty with Great Britain. |
| What country were agents X, Y, and Z from? | France |
| What did agents X, Y, and Z, demand from the United States in the XYZ Affair? | 1. A payment of $250,000 for the french foreign minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand 2. A loan of $10 million for France |
| What was the American slogan in response to the French demands during the XYZ Affair? | "Millions for defense; but not one cent for tribute!" |
| How did John Adams respond to the French demands during the XYZ Affair? | 1. President Adams refused to ask Congress to declare war on France 2. President Adams did ask Congress for money to strengthen the navy 3. The United States fought an undeclared war at sea for two years against the French navy |
| How did the XYZ Affair end? | The show of strength by the American navy led France to agree to stop attacking U.S. ships and the promise that France would treat American diplomats with respect |
| Which political party split as a result of President Adam's handling of the XYZ Affair? | The Federalist Party |
| Who led the splitting up of the Federalist Party? | Alexander Hamilton |
| Why did Alexander Hamilton split the Federalist Party? | He was angry that President Adams would not ask Congress to declare war on France during the XYZ Affair. He was hoping that a declared war with France would weaken the political power of Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans who were longtime f |
| What were Alexander Hamilton and his supporters of war with France called? | The High Federalists |
| What was the name of the agreement that the United States and France signed to end the troubles at sea between the two countries? | The Convention of 1800 |
| Who was the French leader who agreed to stop seizing American ships in the Convention of 1800? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| What is an "alien"? | a foreigner |
| What does "sedition" mean? | to stir up a rebellion against a government |
| What was the "Alien Act"? | 1. A law, passed by the High Federalists in 1798, that allowed the President to expel any alien thought to be dangerous to the country 2. Another law, the Naturalization Act, raised the waiting period for citizenship from 5 years to 14 years |
| What was the "Sedition Act"? | A law, passed by the High Federalists in Congress in 1798, that allowed the government to fine or jail citizens that criticized the government or its officials |
| Why were the Democratic Republicans angered by the Sedition Act? | It was a violation of the First Amendment rights |
| What does "nullify" mean? | to cancel |
| Who were the two Democratic Republican leaders that led the fight against the Alien and Sedition Acts? | Thomas Jefferson and James Madison |
| What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions? | Kentucky and Virginia declared that "states had an equal right to judge for itself" if a federal law is unconstitutional within its borders. Both states nullifed the Alien Act and the Sedition Act. |
| What does the term "states' rights" mean? | It is the idea that individual states have the right to limit the power of the federal government |
| Why was the Federalist Party weakened in the election of 1800? | 1. The High Federalists had split the party in two 2. The Federalists in Congress raised taxes to build-up the navy and prepare for a possible war 3. Many Americans opposed the Alien Act and the Sedition Act |
| Who was the Federalist candidate for President in the election of 1800? | John Adams |
| Who did the Democratic Republicans run for office in the election of 1800? | Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for Vice President |
| What were the results of the electoral college vote in the election of 1800? | Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with 73 votes |
| Why was the election decided in the House of Representatives? | According to the Constitution, if no candidate receives over half of the electoral college votes, the election must be decided in the House of Representatives |
| How was the election decided in the House of Representatives? | After four days and 35 tie-votes, Jefferson defeated Burr on the 36th vote. Jefferson became the President and Burr became the Vice President |
| How was the voting for President changed after the election of 1800? | Congress proposed the Twelfth Amendment and the states ratified it in 1804. The Twelfth Amendment requires electors to vote separately for President and Vice President |
| How did the Federalist leader, Alexander Hamilton, die in 1804? | He was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr |
| Which party faded from power after the election of 1800? | The Federalist Party |
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