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Positioning Ch 20

Cranial Bones-Anatomy

Question	Answer
The vertical portion of the frontal bone is called the ___________ __________ and forms the _______________ and anterior part of the ____________.	Frontal Squama; Forehead; Vault
The horizontal portion of the frontal bone forms what?	Orbital plates (roofs of the orbits), part of the nasal cavity roof, the greater part of the anterior cranial fossa.
On both sides of the superior portion of the frontal squama is a rounded elevation called __________ __________.	Frontal Eminence
The arched ridges of the frontal squama that correspond to the position of the eyebrows is called the ______________ arches.	Superciliary Arches
What lies just below the Superciliary arches and what is the opening called that lies in the center?	Supraorbital Margins; Supraorbital Foramen
The smooth elevation between both Superciliary arches is the ___________.	Glabella
The point at which the frontal squama articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone is called the ________________ suture.	Frontosphenoidal suture
The frontal squama articulates with the nasal bones at the ______________ suture.	Frontonasal suture
What is the midpoint of the frontonasal suture?	Nasion
The frontal bone articulates with which cranial bones?	Parietal, Sphenoid and ethmoid
What separates the orbital plates of the horizontal portion of the frontal bone?	Ethmoidal Notch
The ethmoidal notch receives what part of the ethmoid bone?	Cribiform plate
The anterior portion of the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone is a small projection directed inferiorly and is the superiormost component of the nasal septum called the _________ __________.	Nasal Spine
What does the posterior portion of the orbital plate of the frontal bone articulate with?	The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
The small cube shaped bone that forms part of the cranial floor:	Ethmoid
The 2 light, spongy lateral masses of the ethmoid are called the ____________.	Labyrinths
The Horizontal portion of the ethmoid received into the ethmoid notch of the frontal bone is the ___________ ______.	Cribiform Plate
The cribiform plate of the ethmoid has many foramina for the transmission of what?	Olfactory nerves
A thick conical projection on the anterior portion of the ethmoid that projects superiorly along the midline of the bone is called the ___________ ________.	Crista Galli
What does the Crista Galli serve as an attachment for?	The Falx Cerebri
What is the falx cerebri?	A fold of dura mater (outer membrane of 3 membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord) that separates the cerebellar hemispheres.
The vertical portion of the ethmoid is called what?	The perpendicular plate
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid along with the nasal spine of the frontal bone forms the superior portion of the bony _________ of the nose.	Septum
What do the labyrinths of the ethmoid bone contain?	Ethmoidal sinuses or air cells
The air cells or ethmoidal sinuses on both lateral masses of the ethmoid bone are divided into how many groups? What are they?	3; Anterior, Middle, & Posterior Ethmoidal Air Cells
The lateral walls of the ethmoidal labyrinths help to form medial walls of the ____________ and part of the lateral walls of the ___________ cavity.	Orbits; Nasal
Projecting inferiorly from each medial labyrinth wall of the ethmoid are 2 thin, scroll-shaped processes called what?	Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae
What cranial bones does the ethmoid bone articulate with?	Frontal and Sphenoid Cranial bones
The 2 parietal bones are what shape?	Square
What suture connects the 2 parietal bones?	Sagittal Suture
The prominent bulge on each parietal bone at the central-superior portion where the width of the head should be measured is called the ____________ ___________.	Parietal Eminence
The Parietal bone articulates with which cranial bones?	The opposite Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal and Sphenoid bones
This cranial bone is an irregular wedge shaped bone resembling a bat with extended wings.	Sphenoid
Where is the sphenoid bone situated in relation to the cranium?	Base of the cranium, anterior to the temporal bones and basilar part of the occipital bone
The part of the sphenoid bone that projects inferior from both sides of the body of the bone is called what?	Pterygoid Processes
The body of the sphenoid bone contains 2 ____________ which are incompletely separated by a median septum.	Sphenoidal Sinuses
The anterior surface of the body of the Sphenoid bone forms the posterior bony wall of what?	Nasal Cavity
What is the deep depression on the superior surface of the sphenoid and what does it protect?	Sella Turcica; Pituitary Gland
Where exactly does the Sella turcica lie?	In the midsagittal plane of the cranium 3/4 inches anterior and 3/4 inches superior to the EAM.
The Sella Turcica is bound anteriorly by the ______________ ___________ and posteriorly by the ___________ ____________.	Anteriorly- Tuberculum Sellae; Posteriorly- Dorsum Sallea
The processes on the Tuberculum and Dorsum Sallae are called:	Anterior Clinoid process for the tuberculum and Posterior Clinoid process for the Dorsum
The slanted portion of bone posterior and inferior from the Dorsum Sallea which is continuous with the basilar portion of the occipital bone is called the _____________.	Clivus
The Clivus supports what?	The Pons
On each side of the sella turcica is a groove called the ___________ _________ which hold what?	Carotid Sulcus; Carotid Artery and Cavernous Sinus
What is the groove that extends across the anterior portion of the tuberculum sellae?	The Optic Groove
The lesser wings of the sphenoid form the posteromedial portion of the roofs of the ___________, the posterior portion of the anterior _____________ fossa and the upper margin of the ___________ ____________ fissures and optic canals.	Orbits; Anterior cranial fossa; Superior Orbital Fissures
The medial ends of the posterior portion of the lesser wings of the sphenoid form the ______________ ___________ processes.	Anterior Clinoid proceses
The 3 openings on the greater wings of the sphenoid for the passage of nerves and blood vessels which are subject to radiologic investigation are:	1)Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale, Foramen Spinosum
The processes that arise from the lateral portions of the inferior surface of the body of the sphenoid and the medial inferior surface of the lesser wings are called:	Pterygoid Processes
The Pterygoid processes consists of 2 plates of bone called __________ __________ which are fused at the superoanterior parts:	the medial and lateral Pterygoid Lamine
The inferior extremity of the medial lamina of the Pterygoid process has an elongated hook-shaped process called the ____________ __________.	Pterygoid Hamulus
Which is longer and more narrow on the medial and lateral Pterygoid processes and why?>	Medial laminae of the Ptyeroid process due to the Pterygoid Hamulus
The Pterygoid processes articulate with the palatine bones anteriorly and the wings of the vomer where they enter into the formation of the ____________ _________.	Nasal Cavity.
What cranial bones does the Sphenoid articulate with?	All 7 other cranial bones.
What are the 4 parts to the occipital bone?	Squama, 2 Occipital Condyles, & the Basilar portion
What passes through the Foramen Magnum?	Inferior portion of the Medulla Oblongatta
What prominent process on the Occipital bone lies midway between the summit of the bone and the foramen magnum?	External Occipital Protuberance
Another term for the External Occipital Protuberance:	Inion
The process on the internal surface of the Occipital bone that corresponds in position to the Inion is what?	Internal Occipital Protuberance
The Occipital Condyles articulate with what?	Atlas of the C-Spine
What is the articulation between the Occipital condyles and the Atlas of the C-Spine termed?	Occipitoatlantal Joints
The only bony articulation between the skull and the neck:	Occipitoatlantal Joints
Where are the Hypoglossal Canals found on the Occipital bone?	Anterior ends of the Occipital Condyles
What is the deep notch on the anterior portion of the Occipital Bone and what passes through it?	Jugular Foramen; Jugular Vein for blood drainage from the brain and 3 cranial nerves.
The basilar portion of the occipital bone joins the body of the sphenoid bone at the ___________ _________ of the sphenoid. This junction is called the __________.	Dorsum Sellae; Clivus
Which bones does the Occipital bone articulate with?	2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, the Sphenoid and C-1 (Atlas)
Each Temporal bone consists of a ___________ portion, a ____________ portion, a _____________ process, a ____________ process and a ______________ portion that contains the organs of __________ and ________.	Squamous portion; Tympanic portion; Styloid process; Zygomatic process; Petromastoid portion for Hearing & Balance
The zygomatic process on the squamous portion of the temporal bone joins the ___________ bone of the face and together complete the ______________ arch.	Zygomatic; Zygomatic arch
The rounded eminence on the inferior portion of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone is the _____________ ___________ forms the anterior portion of the _______________ fossa that receives the condyle of the mandible.	Articular Tubercle; Mandibular
The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and the condyle of the mandible forms what joint?	Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
The EAM is on what portion of the Temporal bone?	Tympanic Portion
What slender process projects from the inferior portion of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone?	Styloid Process
The 1st air cell of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone situated at the upper anterior portion is called the __________ ___________.	Mastoid Antrum
The thickest, densest portion of bone in the cranium is __________ ____________. (often called the __________ _________)	Petrous Portion; Petrous Pyramid
The Petrous Pyramid projects medially and anteriorly between the ______________ and the ________________. The apex of the petrous pyramid articulates with the body of the __________ bone.	Greater wing of the sphenoid and the Occipital; Body of the sphenoid
Where does the internal carotid artery enter?	The Carotid canal on the inferior portion of the Petrous Pyramid
The upper border of the petrous pyramid called the __________ __________ corresponds to what external landmark?	Petrous Ridge; Top of the Ear Attachment (TEA)
The temporal bone articulates with which bones?	Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid and Zygomatic bones
Which bones contain air sinuses?	Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid
Which cranial bone helps to complete the zygomatic arch?	Temporal Bone
The vestibulocochlear organ is the organ of __________ and ___________.	Hearing and balance
The middle ear begins at the ___________ membrane and contains the _____________ cavity containing 3 bones called auditory ___________.	Tympanic; Tympanic; Ossicles
The passage in the middle ear that communicates with the nasopharynx and equalizes air pressure in the middle ear is the _____________ __________.	Eustachian Tube
The semicircular canals are in the __________ ear.	Inner ear
What bone contains the maxillary sinus?	Maxilla
What is the largest and most dense bone of the face?	Mandible
The small bone located at the base of the tongue is the __________.	Hyoid
The petrous pyramid projects anteriorly and medially at an angle of ________ degrees for the typical skull called a _________________ skull.	47 Degrees; Mesocephalic
Which skull type is short from front to back, wide for side to side and shallow from vertex to base? What is the angle of the petrous pyramid?	Brachycephalic; 54 degrees
The skull type that is narrow from side to side, long from front to back and deep from vertex to base is a ______________ skull with a typical petrous pyramid angle of ______ degrees.	Dolichocephalic; 40 degrees
What 2 bones comprise the roof of the mouth?	Maxilla and Palatine
The TMJ is what kind of joint?	Synovial, Hinge-gliding
The smallest bones of the skull which contains the _____________ foramen for passage for tear ducts:	Lacrimal Foramen; Lacrimal bones
Near the petrous apex is a foramen through which the internal carotid artery passes is the __________ __________.	Foramen Lacerum
The greater wing of the sphenoid with paired openings are the foramina ___________, __________ and ____________ that allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels.	Spinosum, Ovale, Rotundum
The opening in the sphenoid bone that allows for passage of the optic nerve and opthalmic artery is the ___________ __________.	Optic Foramen
The anterior part of the occipital bone contains a deep notch that forms part of an important large opening in the skull that allows blood to drain via the internal jugular vein and passage of 3 cranial nerves:	Jugular Foramen
Each bony orbit is composed of _______ cranial bones and _______ facial bones.	3 Cranial; 4 Facial
The superior aspect of the sphenoid bone holds the _________ gland.	Pituitary
The bones that make up the cranial floor:	2 Temporal Bones; Sphenoid; Ethmoid
How many bones are in the cranium?	8
How many bones in the skull?	22
What suture lies between the Parietal and Occipital bones?	Lambdoidal
The point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet:	Bregma
The suture that lies between the parietal and temporal bones?	Squamosal
The point where the Parietal bone, Squamosal suture and the greater wing of the Sphenoid bone:	Pterion
The Asterion is the junction of what?	Occipital, Parietal and Mastoid portion of the temporal bone
The Lambda is the junction of what?	Sagittal and Lamdoidal suture

Created by: foster1317

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