Help
Options
Question
Health information literacy is a combination of
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Information literacy is the ability to
Remaining cards (170)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #125428
a MCPHS- Informatics- Mid-term Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Health information literacy is a combination of | Information literacy, Computer literacy, Application of professional knowledge |
| Information literacy is the ability to | Identify, Locate, Evaluate and Apply pertinent information |
| Computer literacy is ability to acquire and apply a basic understanding of | Computer hardware systems and software applications |
| 4 Steps r/t Cognitive approach to information-seeking | 1-Need is identified, 2-Creation of Needs Statement, 3-Information is retrieved using Terms, 4-Information is organized |
| Strategies are techniques used for | Search and investigation |
| Strategies must be | Fluid and flexible |
| Static information remains the same after | Publication |
| Static information is often used for | Overviews, Backgrounds, Historical perspective |
| Problems r/t Textword searching | Lack of percision, Terms may not be r/t desired content, Mass retrieval in multiple entries, Difficulty narrowing |
| Most commonly used controlled vocab in health care | Medical Subject Headings(MeSH) |
| Use of symbols to represent letters | Truncation |
| Boolean operators | Combine terms in searching |
| Most commonly used Boolean operators | And, Or, Not |
| Require consideration r/t Evaluation | Credibility, Bias, Accuracy, Currency, Relevance, Significance, Intended audience, Usability |
| 3 kinds of knowledge r/t Computer literacy | Foundational concepts of how technology works, Skills using computer applications, Ability to apply knowledge and adapt to change |
| 2 types of memory essential for CPU | ROM, RAM |
| ROM vs. RAM | ROM cannot be changed, RAM doesn't permanently store data |
| RAM function | Working part that can be written and read |
| Measures memory, storage capacity and file size | Byte |
| Byte r/t Bits | 1 byte=8 bits |
| Examples r/t Optical storage | CD-ROM, DVD |
| DVD-ROM vs. DVD-R vs. DVD-RAM | ROM:read only, R:write once, RAM:rewritable |
| Examples r/t Input devices | Alphanumeric/function entry, Voice entry, Image entry |
| Examples r/t Output devices | Monitor, Printer, Speaker |
| Connectivity facilitates | Resource sharing & communication |
| Software | Set of instruction written in a structured programming language |
| Operating systems control | Functioning of a computer |
| Link b/w hardware and software | Operating system |
| Program whose source code can be downloaded for free | Open source software |
| Reason software applications are developed | Perform specific tasks w/particular operating system |
| WYSIWYG | What You See Is What You Get |
| Technique used to identify and rank basic IT skills needs by nurses r/t nursing education | Delphi Technique |
| Database | Structure collection of individual data elements |
| Program used to manage, organize and retrieve data from a database | Database Management System(DBMS) |
| Hierarchical database r/t Design | Contains many levels |
| Many of older DBMS programs were developed using | Hierarchical databases |
| Characteristics r/t Hierarchical databases | Limitations w/large data sets, Used for one-to-one relationships, Measure qualitative data |
| Solved redundancy problems r/t hierarchical models | Network databases |
| Characteristics r/t Network databases | Records linked together by pointers that use a key piece of data |
| Relational databases consist of | Several tables |
| Relational databases r/t Ease of usage | Users need to only know name of table to locate data |
| Fields vs. Records vs. Tables | F:vertical columns of database, R:horizontal rows of database, T:consists of all records |
| Tables r/t Records r/t Fields | T:consist of records, R:consist of fields, F:consists of smallest entity necessary to obtain meaning |
| Label at the head of a column | Field name |
| Querying | Process of selecting desired records |
| Algorithim | Set of rules to follow that are inclusive of all cases |
| Basis r/t Forms and reports | Results of data manipulation |
| 2 Types r/t Data manipulation | Sorting data, Querying data, Both are dependent on structure of data & entries in fields |
| Sorting | Reordering records |
| Primary vs. Secondary vs. Tertiary sorting | Primary is broadest and then narroms |
| Can be used to perform calculations on data in specified fields | Query |
| Underlying logic r/t Queries | Boolean arithmetic |
| Reduction of all decisions r/t Boolean logic | Decisions are reduced to true or false |
| And vs. Or vs. Not r/t Boolean logic | A:narrows search, O:broadens search, N:further define criteria and narrow search |
| Wildcard symbols | Greater than(>), Less than(<) |
| Heart of any database | Table |
| Table consists of | Data organized into fields(vertical) and records(horizontal) |
| Database consisting of a single table | Flat database |
| Relational database | 2 or more tables related by unique identifiers |
| Unique identifier synonym | Key field |
| List of all tables in a database | Data dictionary |
| Size of database r/t Necessity of a quickly referenced data dictionary | As a database becomes large, imperative to maintain quickly referenced data dictionary |
| 2 Types of Decision Support Systems(DSS) in health care | Administrative & clinical |
| Agency relationship vs. Maximally effect care vs. Optimally effect care | A:decisions made to ensure welfare of Pt and family, M:max improvement in health regardless of cost, O:improvement in health at point w/the greatest difference b/w benefits and costs of care |
| 5 Themes that shape health care paradigm | Mandates to measure and quantify services, Financial pressures from increased demand for services, Pressure to recruit and retain health care workers, Management of workload, Efforts to reduce variation in practice |
| Forecasting | Knowledge about past should improve ability to estimate what will happen in future |
| Decision analysis is making the best possible decision based on | Information available |
| 3 Steps r/t Decisions | Consider feasible alternatives, Identify positive states of nature, Construct payoff table |
| Maximax criterion vs. Maximin criterion vs. Minimax criterion | Maximax:choose alternative w/"best of best" payoff, Maximin:choose alternative w/"best of worst" payoff, Minimax:assess opportunity costs w/each decision |
| Criterion of realism vs. Expected value criterion | Realism:weighted average for each alternative w/coefficients of 0 or 1, Expected:weighted average of each alternative |
| Maximum likelihood criterion vs. Criterion of rationality | Max:decision w/highest probability and alternative w/highest payoff, Rat:all decisions are equally likely |
| Simplest inventory model | Economic order quantity model, Balances ordering costs vs. costs of maintaining iventory to optimize ordering quantity |
| Linear programming determines | Best consumption of resources to meet objective |
| Simulation | Imitation of system to evaluate and improve system performance |
| Advantages vs. Disadvantages r/t Spreadsheets | A:embedded formula/functions and optimization capabilities, D:people are unfamiliar w/advanced spreadsheet applications |
| Data manipulation language allows non-programmers to | Perform variety of operations on data |
| Query language is usage | Directly interact w/database and pose conditions for retrieval |
| Clinical data repository vs. Data warehouse | C:real-time retrieval and queries, D:works retrospectively |
| Data marts are sorted by | Specific subject of data to support a specific function |
| 4 Categories of clinical decision support facilitated by the computer | Assist provider in making decisions, Provide alerts, Provide guidance to alter care, Support quality assurance activities |
| Electronic data interchange allows linked computers to conduct | Business transactions |
| Geographical information system | System capable of assembling, storing, manipulating and displaying geographically referenced material |
| Production jobs are used to perform | Data-processing |
| System development/Project management function | Selection & installation of new computer systems |
| IT departments r/t Shift to off-site vendors | Systems development/Project management, Network |
| Application support function | Assist users w/application functionality |
| Support function vs. Systems administration r/t Function | Support:help desk, Systems:operating systems management & IS security |
| Primary leadership role r/t IS department | Chief information officer |
| Division of time r/t Manager | Time spent w/staff vs. Time spent w/system users |
| Supervisor performs hands-on functions with | Staff members they supervise |
| Telecommunications operator vs. Telecommunications technician | O:manages switchboard, T:support for equipment |
| Responsible for creating lasting impression of organization | Telecommunications operator |
| Systems analyst role | Bridge technology gap b/w specific application and knowledge that applies for the business function of that application |
| Consultant services are acquired by this method, Contract basis | (blank) |
| Mainframe computers vs. Mid-range computers | Mainframe:run large health care organization's core applications & rely upon proprietary operating systems, Mid-range:run medium-smaller organization's core applications & support specialized software w/large health care organizations |
| Workstations vs. Portable computers | W:support staff members for local & remote functions, P:document Pt information at point of care |
| Peripherals r/t Technology infrastructure | Input & output devices |
| Primary clients r/t IS departments | Internal staff of a health care organization |
| Variation r/t Characteristics of IS departments | Depend upon type of organization |
| Community hospital vs. Teaching hospital r/t IS departments | C:find solutions w/limited resources, T:find solutions w/cutting-edge technology |
| Setting in which most IS advancements occur | Teaching hospitals |
| Inteface engine function | Ensure messages b/w systems are communicated effictively & reliably |
| Health care systems r/t IS department formation | Formed after merger of serveral independent organizations |
| IS support r/t Smaller health care settings | Usually outsourced |
| Clinical decision support system(CDSS)function | Automated decision support system that mimics human decision |
| Problem-solving/Decision-making conditions | Stress, Cognitive overload, Uncertainty, Increasing levels of scrutiny |
| Causes development of Knowledge-based systems | Challenges facing clinical decision-making |
| Knowledge-based system are used to enhanced | Human abilities during health-related conditions |
| Conditions r/t CDSS acceptance resistance | Narrowness of scope, Mistrust of clinical decisions, Inability to incorporate new discoveries, Nonportability to other systems, Lack of integration w/exitsting systems |
| Classic view vs. Knowledge-based view r/t Decision-making | C:focus on analysis of alternatives, K:knowledge is generated every time a decision is made |
| Stuctured vs. Unstructured vs. Semistructured decision-making | Structured:routine decisions are made using established guidelines & static rules, U:highly unique decisions are made in emergent situations in which alternatives are unknown, Semi:some background information is known |
| Common decision-making process r/t Health care | Semistructured |
| Knowledge r/t Decision-making | New knowledge is created OR old knowlege is altered/discarded |
| Descriptive vs. Procedural knowledge | D:description of some kind, P:how-to/step-by-step procedure |
| Methods r/t Gaining procedural knowledge | Observation, Learning, Experience |
| Examples r/t Descriptive knowledge | Past, Present, Future, What if's |
| Reasoning vs. Inferencing | R:assists in drawing a conclusion, I:drawing conclusions from evidence |
| Reasoning vs. Inferencing r/t Basis | R:product of experience & exposure, I:based on probabilities |
| 2 Formats that assist w/standardizing interface b/w CDSS & other systems | Arden syntax, Guideline interchange format |
| Arden syntax is a way to share | Medical knowledge in a manner that can be utilized by a computer |
| Intelligent agents ability | Autonomously accomplish a task |
| Indication r/t Future size of data warehouses | Human Genome Project |
| Data mining allows understanding of patterns in | Data |
| Process r/t Knowledge discover in large data sets | Identify problem, Obtain data set, Preprocess the data, Apply algorithm, Interpret findings |
| Trending data is collected | Over time |
| Backbone of most health iformation systems | Admission, discharge and transfer(ADT) |
| Functions r/t Admission, discharge and transfer | Collect, store & track Pt information from admission to discharge |
| Interface is exchange of information b/w | Systems |
| Interface avoids | Redundant data entry |
| Advantage r/t Best of breed | Increase each system's robustness w/data entered into other systems & reported in all connected systems |
| Data integration accomplishment | Accomplished by interfacing many information systems together |
| Clinical data repository is a single database that captures | Information from numerous systems |
| Allows one person to find, access or enter data at the same time | Automation |
| End user | Person who uses components of a system |
| 4 Perspectives r/t Health care information systems | Clinical, Enterprise, Technical, Client |
| 3 Paths r/t Input | User enters data, Transfer of data from interfaced systems, Automatic data transfer from other systems |
| Networks allow data & files to be shared regardless of | Location |
| Point-of-service vs. Point-of-care | POS:device is located where information is required/collected, POC:data entered at bedside |
| System architecture ensures | Efficient/effective access to data |
| Data archive vs. Data purging | A:how long data is kept , P:what should be deleted |
| Core component r/t eHealth | Electronic health record |
| Any information r/t individual which resides in an electronic system for the primary purpose of providing health care | Electronic health record |
| Electronic health records constantly change d/t | New technology |
| Core idea r/t Electronic health records | Availability on demand anywhere data are needed w/sufficient detail |
| Problems r/t Paper-based records | Only one person can access at a time, Illegible handwriting, Security/confidentiality breaches, Removed/lost sections |
| Setup standards and precedence r/t Electronic health records | Institute of Medicine(IOM) |
| Advantages r/t Electronic health reports | Improved quality of provided health care, More complete, Better organization, Legible information, Discrete storage |
| Downfall r/t Websites offering personal electronic health records | Privacy |
| Functions implemented via internet | Remote access, Access to multiple information systems, Direct Pt access |
| Standardization of terms in naming data elements allows | Consistency, Validity |
| Every acute care hospital uses | Uniform hospital discharge data sets as a summary of Pt's hospital experience |
| Classifications vs. Vocabularies vs. Nomenclatures | C:grouping similar items together, V:list of standard terms w/specific definitions, N:systematic listing of the proper names of a particular area of interest |
| Privacy vs. Confidentiality | P:Pt has right to decide what info they will disclose, C:disclosed info will not be shared w/out permission |
| Properly designed electronic health record systems r/t Security | Can be more secure than paper systems |
| Most important element r/t Electronic health record security | Human element |
| Consumer shift r/t Electronic health record | Individual responsibility for health |
| 3 Dimensions of performance | Access, Integrity, Availability |
| Access is the ability to obtain | Data and information for specific purposes |
| Security r/t Access | Measures organizations implement to protect information and systems |
| Integrity ensures | The completeness and accuracy of data and information, Protection of data and information from processes that would invalidate them |
| Threats r/t Data integrity | Accidental entry of incorrect data, Unauthorized access |
| Availability is the ability to | Access data and information appropriate to their authorization level |
| Basis r/t Ensuring that data is reliably and readily available | Storage capabilities, Media life expectancies |
| Definition of health record in 2010 | Record is maintained by multiple providers and shared when necessary |
| What we can expect r/t Virtual health records | Improvement of care, Reduction of medical errors, Reduction of administrative costs |
| Past vs. Present r/t Ownership of health information | Past:hospital-owned material, Present:Pt has right to control use of their private health information |
| DNA & Human Genome Project r/t Pt privacy | Provides tools to look specifically at generations of a family and predict future health conditions accurately |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 |
| HIPAA provides | Standards and a regulatory framework, Mandate that HCP must obtain Pt consent before sharing their information |
| Application of a signature to a document by electronic means | Electronic signature |
| Health care informatics necessities | Knowledgeable of vulnerabilities, Develop plan for information management and protection, Integrity of data, Efficient availability processes |
Created by:
rpclothier
Popular Nursing sets