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Hermeneutics
Final countdown!!!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 questions to ask are... | What it meant? What it means? How to apply it? |
| What separates us from the Bible's original audience? | Time, culture, language. OT is under a different covenant |
| The Bible is... | The divine human book |
| This is that we had word choice and God gave message that needed to get across. | Plenary Verbal |
| How should we read the Bible? | To get the most out we must move from superficial to careful reading |
| 9 items to look for when studying sentences of the text. | Repetition of words, contrasts, comparisons, lists, cause and effect, figures of speech, conjunctions, verbs, pronouns |
| Items to look for in paragraphs. | General and specific, question and answer, dialogue, purpose statements, means, conditional clauses (if...then), actions of people and God, emotional terms, tone |
| What is the biblical units of connected text under investigation that are longer than paragraphs | Discourses |
| Items to look for in discourses. | Connections between paragraphs and episodes, story shifts (major breaks or pivots), interchange, chiasm |
| What is the 1st rule of Hermeneutics? | the text cannot mean what it never meant |
| What are the exceptions to the 1st rule of Hermeneutics? | prophecy, poetry, figures of speech |
| What does exegesis deal with? | what the text meant |
| What does Hermeneutics deal with | what the text means |
| What the the goal of good interpretation? | Get the plain meaning of the text |
| T or F. A Bible translation is an interpretation | True |
| Since the Bible is both divine and human each book has | eternal relevance and its own historical particularity |
| When doing exegesis what do we need to grasp | Historical context, Literary context, questions on content |
| 3 tools to help with exegesis? | Good Bible translation, Bible dictionary, commentary |
| a literary device, used primarily in narrative, that involves contrasting or comparing two stories at the same time as part of the overall story development. Ex. 1 Sam 1-3 Eli's sons vs. Samuel | Interchange |
| inverted correspondence formed from key words or thoughts | Chiasm |
| the outer edges of the chaism can provide the lens through which to view the entire chiasm, thus giving greater understanding of the passage | Inclusio |
| The meaning intended by author to the original audience | Authorial intention |
| That which author wishes to covey with his signs | Meaning |
| Conventions of language. We must also let historical and literary contexts help us determine the intended meaning. | Signs |
| Interpretation where reader is at center of interpretational process and no meaning exists | Reader response |
| What are the different lens to viewing the Bible? | Liberation, feminist, queer, post modern, prosperity, green dragon |
| All of our preconceived notions and understandings that we bring to the text, which have been formulated, both consciously and subconsciously, before we actually study text in detail | Preunderstanding |
| Our _____ influences our preunderstandings | Culture |
| Integrated pattern of knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to generations. | Culture |
| Bible is the Word of God and while God worked through people to produce His word, it's inspired by Holy Spirit | Evangelical Presuppositions |
| We have faithful copies of texts from original documents that have come through process of scribal transmission | Evangelical Presuppositions |
| God has entered into human history and supernatural occurs | Evangelical Presuppositions |
| Preunderstandings are not the same as ___ | Presuppositions |
| Bible is not contradictory; It's unified yet divers | Evangelical Presuppositions |
| Suffiency of scripture | Evangelical Presuppositions |
| What are the 2 main contexts that we need to look at? | Historical/Cultural and Literary |
| Why deal with historical/cultural? | Because God has chosen to reveal his word to us through certain items and his message is timebound but principles are eternal |
| Biblical author, audience, and any elements touched on by a passage and helps to understand the text. | Historical/Cultural context |
| What refers to the particular form a passage takes and to the words, sentences and paragraphs that surround the passage under investigation. | Literary context |
| Broader term which refers to the categories or types of literature found in the Bible | Literary genre |
| Each genre has particular _________ for interpretation | guidelines |
| Let _________ interpret _______. | Scripture; scripture |
| Different levels when viewing literary context | passage, immediate, section of book, Book, Rest of Testament (OT/NT), whole canon |
| What are the dangers of disregarding the literary context? | Ignoring surrounding context and topical preaching |
| How do we identify surrounding context? | 1.Identify how book is divided 2.Summarize main idea of each section 3.Explain how passage relates to surrounding information |
| What are the common errors of word studies? | English only, root fallacy, time Frame fallacy, overload fallacy, word count fallacy, selective evidence, word loading |
| The history of a word | Etymology |
| Imposing later meaning into context. | Time Frame fallacy |
| Under time frame fallacy meaning "through time" | Diachronic |
| Under time frame fallacy meaning "with/across time" | Synchronic |
| Steps to do word study | 1.Study crucial, repeated, FOS, unclear words 2.Look at word's semantic range to figure out what it could mean |
| Seeking to find the deeper meaning of a text while neglecting the literary meaning | Spiritualizing |
| Meaning intended and placed in the text by the author | Literary meaning |
| Story using an extensive amount of symbolism wherein most/all of the characters, places, etc. are metaphors for real meaning | Allegory |
| Usually meant to describe seeing most everything in the OT as a foreshadowing of Jesus | Typology |
| Certain letters correspond with numbers to reveal a less-than-obvious meaning | Gematria |
| claiming that some ordinal # or lettering shows the real meaning | Equidistant Letter Sequencing |
| Different types of Bible translations are... | paraphrase (The Message), Dynamic Equivalent (NIV), Formal Equivalent (ESV, NASB) |
| Thought for thought translation which allows liberty for read ability and modern usage | Dynamic Equivalent |
| Most 1-1 translation that you can get | Formal Equivalent |
| Can we grasp word apart from the Spirit? | Yes, No, and Yes but only to a degree |
| _____ guides our interpretation so we should avoid... | Spirit; trump card and spiritual laziness |
| How do we apply scripture? | Observe how principles in text address original situation, discover parallel situation in contemporary context, and make it specific |
| There are __ books in the NT and ___ of these are letters | 27;21 |
| What are the 2 main categories of epistles? | 13 Pauline and 8 Catholic (Universal) |
| What is the organization of NT epistles | Introduction, body, conclusion |
| What do we need to ask when interpreting NT epistles? | Who, what, when, where, why |
| We write universal truths in... | present tense |
| Universal truths need to be... | relevant to both biblical and contemporary audiences |
| There are ____ books in the OT and almost half are narrative | 39 |
| Literary form characterized by sequential time action and involving plot, characters, and settings | Narrative/story |
| Historical events that convey theological truth | Theological history |
| Where story takes place | Setting |
| Storyline | Plot |
| What are the 6 literary devices? | plot, setting, characters, viewpoint of narrator, comparison/contrast, irony |
| When interpreting OT look... | at whole OT, read in literary context, remember OT shows characters wort's and all, God is primary character |
| Themes in OT... | promise of God, faithfulness of God, sovereignty of God, promised land, covenant, purity, holiness, Israel's unfaithfulness, Consequences of sin |
| Concerns the moral (timeless truths), civil (legal system), and ceremonial laws (sacrificial system) | Traditional approach |
| What is HD's approach to studying the Law | Must interpret law through the grid of NT |
| All moral and civil laws are still applicable, and we should follow them. However, Christ has abolished sacrificial system | Theonomy |
| Only laws that are still applicable are those that are mentioned in the NT | New Covenant Theology |
| All of the law hangs on what commandments | Love God, Love your neighbor and we are to live differently from the world |
| Looking at OT laws shows ______ | holiness of God |
| There are _ major and _ minor prophets | 4;12 |
| What is the literary nature of OT prophets | collections of sermons, visions, narratives that occurred at certain points in the history of Israel |
| _____ is 100% poetry | Habakkuk |
| Different types of OT prophetic address | lawsuit, woe, promise, enactment, messenger |
| ____ of OT consists of poetry | 1/3 |
| OT with no poetry is | Leviticus, Ruth, Nehemiah, Esther, Haggai, Malachi |
| There are many different types of _____ created by Bishop Robert Lowth. | Parallelism |
| 2nd line of poetry says the same thing as the 1st line | Synonymous parallelism |
| Lines of poetry using opposite ideas or works | Antithetic Parallelism |
| 2nd line of poetry advances, clears the idea of 1st line | Synthetic parallelism |
| When words of each line of poetry mean the same thing | Semantic parallelism |
| When words of each line of poetry are used in syntactic order | Syntactic parallelism |
| A line of poetry is usually... | 1/2 of a biblical verse |
| 1st line of poetry can be termed... | stich or colon |
| Has shorter line length, parallel lines, makes frequent use of literary devices, has more selective details, usually subjunctive | Poetry |
| This type of genre focuses more on man's reflections of God rather than on God's words to man | Wisdom literature |
| Under wisdom lit; deals with real life issues; not tied to historic revelation | Practical nature |
| Under wisdom lit; observes world and how it works; see the truth; create metaphor that communicates general truth | Observational nature |
| Under wisdom lit; God established order at creation | Creation theology |
| Under wisdom lit; humanity observes creation and learn created order; seeking to wrest order from apparent chaos of the world | Wisdom Theology |
| Under wisdom lit; Law of cause and effect world founded on justice (karma) | Principle of Retribution |
| Hebrew word Hokmah means... | Artisan skill, clever, and wisdom |
| Under wisdom lit; practical issues of life transcend time and culture | Universal wisdom nature |
| The Gospels are... | 3 synoptics and John |
| Genre of the Gospels... | selective/christological biography, narratives, parables |
| What are the sub genres that FS mentioned for the gospels? | sayings and narratives |
| Looking at the Gospels individual stories; ask who, what, when, where, why | Micro approach |
| looking at the Gospels overall, collection and placement of stories; connections in words, themes, or characters | Macro approach |
| Special literary forms of the Gospels? | Hyperbole, Metaphor/simile, Narrative Irony, discourse/dialogue, rhetorical questions, Parables |
| Main points of Acts | Written by Luke as continuation of Gospel, addressed to Theophilus, 28 chapters, theological history |
| In Acts there is a change in focal character from ____ to _____ | Peter;Paul |
| What is last words in Greek of Acts? | without hindrance |
| What is the big question in Acts? | Descriptive vs. Prescriptive (Normative) |
| Theological themes of Acts are... | Holy Spirit, God's sovereignty, church, prayer, suffering, gentiles, witness |
| Take texts such at the Lord's supper and the Great commission as | Prescriptive |
| Main points of Revelation | 22 chapters; written by Apostle John while in exile on the lsle of Patmos |
| What is the literary feature of Revelation? | A prophetic-apocalyptic letter |
| Group of writings that include a divine revelation, usually through a heavenly intemediary, to some well-known figure, in which God promises to intervene in human history and overthrow evil empires and establish his kingdom | Apocalyptic literature |
| What are the 4 basic approaches to Revelation? | Preterist, historicist, futurist, idealist |
| Approach that takes seriously the historical context of Revelation, and tries to understand the book as John's audience would have understood it; do not believe in 2nd coming | Preterist |
| Approach which sees Revelation as a map or outline of what has happened throughout church history from the first century until the return of Christ | Historicist |
| These believe the letters are to 7 historic churches, yet Christ will rapture the church prior to the 7 years of great tribulation | Historic premillennialism |
| Approach that sees Revelation mostly about future events immediately preceding the end of history | Futurist |
| These believe 7 letters to the churches represent 7 time periods since creation, and Christ will rapture the church prior to the millennial reign | Premillennial Dispensationalism |
| These believe the kingdom of God is present and growing. Eventually, the kingdom of God will greatly expand, thus ushering in the 2nd coming. | Postmillenialism |
| Approach that basically sees revelation as relating to the ongoing struggle between good and evil. | Idealist |
| These believe there will be no literal 1000 year reign. We are currently reigning with Christ. Good and evil struggle until the end when Christ Truimphs | Amillennialims |
| When reading Revelation... | Read with humility, original context in mind, don't focus to much on timeline, don't always take Revelation literally, let scripture interpret scripture, look at OT and historical context, focus on main idea (God wins!) |
| What OT book is especially helpful when studying Revelation? | Daniel |
| Seek plain meaning of the text. Of course, apocalyptic is an exception | Sensus Literalis |
| What we have learned all year. Look at how words function together while also studying contexts | Grammatical-Historical method |
| How do we tell the difference between Descriptive and Prescriptive | Unless scripture tells us to do something, what is only narrated or described doesn't function in normative ways- unless it can be demonstrated on other grounds that the author intended it to function in this way. |
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