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X-rays were discovered in ____.
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X-rays are a form of ______ radiation.
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Rad Protection
Chapter 1 Intro to Rad Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| X-rays were discovered in ____. | 1895 |
| X-rays are a form of ______ radiation. | ionizing |
| An exposure to radiation can create ____ atoms, create _____ radicals that produce toxins within the cell and can change the ___ of the cell. | unstable; free; function |
| What does ALARA stand for? What is another name for ALARA? | As low as reasonably achievable - ORP, Optimization for Radiation Proection |
| A CXR has __ mrem and a CT Abd has ____ mrem | 10; 1000 |
| Radiation exposure from a CT scan is about ___ times higher than an ordinary CXR. | 100 |
| ____ is energy that passes from one location to another and can have many manifestation. | Radiation |
| What are the two types of radiation? | electromagnetic and particulate |
| BERT stands for ____ and the annual exposure is ___ mrem. | Background equivalent radiatin time; 620 |
| X-radiation and Gamma radiation are classified as ____ radiation. | electromagnetic |
| X-rays are produced ___ the nucleus by accelerating electrons. (have no mass/charge) | outside |
| Gamma rays are produced ___ the nucleus. | inside |
| Give two examples of particulate radiation: | alpha and beta |
| Alpha radiation is produced by _____ disintegration; it is made up of ___ particles. | nuclear; 4 |
| Alpha radiation has very ___ particles and ___ penetrability. | large; low |
| Beta radiation is produced by ___ ____; beta is ____ times lighter than alpha particles. | pair production; 8000 |
| Beta penetrates ____ times more than alpha radiation. | 100 |
| Natural background radiation is ___ mrem vs. ___ mrem of manufactured radiation. | 295;65 |
| ____ radiation are radioactive materials from the earth. (uranium, radium, thorium) | Terrestrial |
| ___ radiation comes from solar rays. | Cosmic |
| ____ radiation comes from the body tissues. (potassium-40, carbon-14) | Internal |
| ____ gas is found in the air. | Radon |
| ___ gas is the largest contributor of natural radiation. | Radon |
| ____ gas is found in granite and come up through the soil. | Radon |
| Radon gas causes ___ to ___ radon induced lung cancer deaths in the US each year. | 800; 21000 |
| Porcelain dentures contain ____ and expose the mouth to ___ mrem/year. | potassium-40;130 |
| Air travel exposes us to about __ mrem/hour flight. | 1 |
| Full body scanners emit ___ photons, which are low energy. | terahertz |
| Who approved full body scanners? | FDA |
| ____ body scans in a years would equal the dose to 1 CXR. | 1000 |
| Average dose received within a 50 mi radius in Three Mile Island was __ mrem. | 8 |
| Abdomen or pelvis dose fro a CT is ____ mSv. | 8-10 |
| What tissue is the most sensitive in the head area? | eyes |
| Hematologic depression occurs at ___ rad; temporary sterility occurs at ___ rad and permanent sterility occurs at ___ rad. | 25; 200-250; 500-600 |
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