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William Roentgen discovered x-rays in ____.
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The first radiograph was taken Nov ____ on Ana Ludwig.
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Chapter 3 Rad Prot
Rad Quantities and Units
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| William Roentgen discovered x-rays in ____. | 1895 |
| The first radiograph was taken Nov ____ on Ana Ludwig. | 1895 |
| The first American to die from radiation induced cancer was Clarence Dally in ____. | 1904 |
| Who invented the fluroscope? | Thomas Edison |
| ______ is reddening of the skin. | Radiodermatitis |
| In ____, the Roentgen became the unit of measurement for x-ray and gamma ray. | 1937 |
| In 1964 the ICRU changed their name to ____. | NCRP |
| ____ is the traditional unit for Dose equivalent and a __ is the SI unit for Dose equivalent. | rem; Sievert(Sv) |
| ______ is reddening of the skin. | Radiodermatitis |
| In ____, the Roentgen became the unit of measurement for x-ray and gamma ray. | 1937 |
| The "effective dose" (EfD) was created in ____. | 1991 |
| Effective dose is expressed in ___ or ___ and takes into account the tissues exposed. | Sv; rem |
| _____ is the traditional unit absorbed dose; ___ is the SI unit for absorbed dose. | rad; Gray(Gy) |
| What are the units for radioactivity (nuclear med)? | Curie (traditional); Becquerel(Bq; SI unit) |
| Exposure in air is measured in ____ (traditional unit) or ____ (SI unit) | Roentgen (R); Coulombs/kilogram (C/kg) |
| 1 R = ? | 1R=2.58 x 10 (-4) C/kg |
| Exposure in air measures the ionization of air produced by x-radiation below ____. | 3 million electron volts (3MeV) |
| Absorbed dose is used to measure the ____ a patient recieves. | dose |
| Kerma stands for: | kinetic energy released per unit mass of matter |
| An ___ is the amount of work done by a force for a distance of 1 cm. | erg |
| 1 rad = an energy transfer of ___ ergs/gram of absorbing material | 100 |
| ____ is used as a measurement of occupational exposure. | Equivalent dose(EqD) |
| ___ is the quality factor (Q) of electromagnetic energy(x-rays/gamma). | 1 |
| ____ is the quality factor (Q) of alpha rays. | 20 |
| ___ is the rate at which energy is deposited in the form of a charged particle or ion pairs as it travels through matter. | LET (linear energy transfer) |
| X-ray and gamma radiation are considered ___ LET. (<3keV), do not deposit energy quickly and are very penetrating. | low |
| Alpha and Beta have a ___ LET (100keV), do not penetrate matter well and deposit energy quickly. | high |
| Beta particles are ___x more penetrating than alpha particles. | 100 |
| ____ mm of Al can stop beta particles. | 3 |
| ___ radiation is the most penetrating. | Gamma |
| Weighting factor of x-ray and gamma rays is ___. | 1 |
| WF of neutrons (<10keV) is ___. | 5 |
| A radiation ____ ___ takes into account the different biological effects (LET) caused by different types of radiation. (NCRP Report #116) | weighting factor |
| ____ is the product of the average absorbed dose in a tissue/organ in the human body and its associated weighting factor. | Equivalent Dose(EqD; EqD=D x Wr |
| 1 rad = ____mrad | 1000 |
| 3 R = ___mR | 3000 |
| 0.25 Gy = ___mGy | 250 |
| 0.5Sv = ___mSv | 500 |
| 500 rad to GI system = ___ | 5 Gy |
| 250 rad to gonads = ___ | 2.5 Gy |
| 1000 rad to Eye = ___ | 10 Gy |
| 5 rem/yr to RT = ____ | .05 Sv |
| 300 mrad = ___ | 3 mGy |
| 4.0 Gy = ____ | 400 rad |
| 4.0 mGy = ___ | 400 mrad |
| 0.5 Gy = ___ | 50 rad |
| 0.07 Sv = ___ | 7 rem |
| 33 mSv = ___ | 3300 mrem |
| 1 rad = ____ cGy | 1 |
| 1 rem = ___ | 10 mSv |
| 500 rem = ___ | 5000 mSv |
| 1/2 pack a day of cigarettes will introduce the body to ___ mrem. | 18 |
| What alpha particle emitter is found in cigarette smoke? | Polonium 210 |
| What is the annual exposure from smoke detectors? | 1 mrem/year (or .01 Sv) |
| What alpha emitter is released from smoke detectors? | Americium 241 (half life of 432 yrs) |
| 1/2 pack a day of cigarettes will introduce the body to ___ mrem. | 18 |
| What alpha particl emitter is found in cigarette smoke? | Polonium 210 |
| What is the annual exposure from smoke detectors? | 1 mrem/year (or .01 Sv) |
| What alpha emitter is released from smoke detectors? | Americium 241 (half life of 432 yrs) |
| During a nuclear blast, ___% is thermal energy and __% is radiation. | 85; 15 |
| ____ is used as a measurement of the rate of nuclear disintegration (decay) of a material. | Radioactivity |
| A half-life is the times it takes a radioactive material to decay to ___% of its original activity. | 50 |
| 1 Curie(Ci) = ____ | 3.7 x 10(10) Becquerels |
| Potassium Iodide (KI) will prevent 99% of the damage to the ____ if taken 1 day before radioactive iodine is swallowed. | thyroid |
| Occupational radiation exposure is measured in ____. | rem (5 rem/yr to RT) |
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